Narration 2

Direction (1-50): In the following questions, identify the correct application of back-shifting rules in Reported Speech. Read each question carefully and select the best option.

This section tests your understanding of converting direct speech to indirect (reported) speech, a fundamental concept in English grammar. The questions focus on the "back-shifting" of tenses, modal verbs, and adverbs of time and place, which occurs when the reporting verb is in the past tense. Pay close attention to these changes to choose the most accurate answer. Good luck!

निर्देश (1-50): निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों में, Reported Speech में बैक-शिफ्टिंग नियमों के सही अनुप्रयोग की पहचान करें। प्रत्येक प्रश्न को ध्यान से पढ़ें और सर्वोत्तम विकल्प चुनें।

यह खंड Direct Speech को Indirect (Reported) Speech में बदलने की आपकी समझ का परीक्षण करता है, जो अंग्रेजी व्याकरण में एक मौलिक अवधारणा है। प्रश्न Tenses, Modal Verbs, और समय और स्थान के Adverbs के "बैक-शिफ्टिंग" पर ध्यान केंद्रित करते हैं, जो तब होता है जब रिपोर्टिंग क्रिया भूतकाल में होती है। सबसे सटीक उत्तर चुनने के लिए इन परिवर्तनों पर पूरा ध्यान दें। शुभकामनाएँ!

নিৰ্দেশনা (১-৫০): নিম্নলিখিত প্ৰশ্নসমূহত, Reported Speech-ত বেক-শ্বিফ্টিং (back-shifting) নিয়মৰ শুদ্ধ প্ৰয়োগ চিনাক্ত কৰক। প্ৰতিটো প্ৰশ্ন মনোযোগেৰে পঢ়ক আৰু শ্ৰেষ্ঠ বিকল্পটো বাছনি কৰক।

এই খণ্ডটোৱে Direct Speech-ক Indirect (Reported) Speech-লৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰাৰ আপোনাৰ বুজাবুজিক পৰীক্ষা কৰে, যিটো ইংৰাজী ব্যাকৰণৰ এক মৌলিক ধাৰণা। প্ৰশ্নসমূহত Tense, Modal Verb, আৰু সময় আৰু স্থানৰ Adverb-ৰ "বেক-শ্বিফ্টিং"ৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে, যিটো Reporting Verb অতীত কালত থাকিলে ঘটে। আটাইতকৈ সঠিক উত্তৰ বাছি ল'বলৈ এই পৰিৱৰ্তনবোৰৰ প্ৰতি মনোযোগ দিয়ক। শুভকামনা!

StudyBix.com-Q1: Which sentence correctly applies the back-shifting rule for a direct speech statement in the present simple tense?

A
Direct: "I am happy." Reported: He said that he is happy.
B
Direct: "She writes a letter." Reported: She said that she has written a letter.
C
Direct: "He plays football." Reported: He said that he played football.
D
Direct: "They live in London." Reported: They said that they were living in London.
E
Direct: "We eat rice." Reported: They said that they eat rice.

StudyBix.com-Q1: कौनसा वाक्य Present Simple Tense में दिए गए Direct Speech के लिए Back-shifting नियम को सही ढंग से लागू करता है?

A
Direct: "I am happy." Reported: He said that he is happy.
B
Direct: "She writes a letter." Reported: She said that she has written a letter.
C
Direct: "He plays football." Reported: He said that he played football.
D
Direct: "They live in London." Reported: They said that they were living in London.
E
Direct: "We eat rice." Reported: They said that they eat rice.

StudyBix.com-Q1: কোনটো বাক্যই Present Simple Tenseত থকা Direct Speechৰ বাক্যৰ বাবে Back-shifting নিয়মটো শুদ্ধকৈ প্ৰয়োগ কৰে?

A
Direct: "I am happy." Reported: He said that he is happy.
B
Direct: "She writes a letter." Reported: She said that she has written a letter.
C
Direct: "He plays football." Reported: He said that he played football.
D
Direct: "They live in London." Reported: They said that they were living in London.
E
Direct: "We eat rice." Reported: They said that they eat rice.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: When the reporting verb is in the past tense (e.g., "said"), the present simple tense ("plays") in direct speech is back-shifted to the past simple tense ("played") in reported speech.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The present simple "am" should be back-shifted to the past simple "was", not remain as "is".
B) The present simple "writes" should be back-shifted to the past simple "wrote", not the present perfect "has written".
D) The present simple "live" should be back-shifted to the past simple "lived", not the past continuous "were living".
E) The present simple "eat" should be back-shifted to the past simple "ate", not remain as "eat".

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: जब Reporting Verb भूतकाल (Past Tense) में होता है (जैसे, "said"), तो Direct Speech में Present Simple Tense ("plays") को Reported Speech में Past Simple Tense ("played") में Back-shift किया जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Present Simple "am" को Past Simple "was" में Back-shift किया जाना चाहिए, "is" के रूप में नहीं रहना चाहिए।
B) Present Simple "writes" को Past Simple "wrote" में Back-shift किया जाना चाहिए, न कि Present Perfect "has written" में।
D) Present Simple "live" को Past Simple "lived" में Back-shift किया जाना चाहिए, न कि Past Continuous "were living" में।
E) Present Simple "eat" को Past Simple "ate" में Back-shift किया जाना चाहिए, "eat" के रूप में नहीं रहना चाहिए।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যেতিয়া Reporting Verbটো Past Tenseত থাকে (যেনে, "said"), Direct Speechত থকা Present Simple Tense ("plays")টো Reported Speechত Past Simple Tense ("played")লৈ Back-shift হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Present Simple "am" টো Past Simple "was" লৈ Back-shift হ'ব লাগে, "is" হৈ নাথাকে।
B) Present Simple "writes" টো Past Simple "wrote" লৈ Back-shift হ'ব লাগে, Present Perfect "has written" লৈ নহয়।
D) Present Simple "live" টো Past Simple "lived" লৈ Back-shift হ'ব লাগে, Past Continuous "were living" লৈ নহয়।
E) Present Simple "eat" টো Past Simple "ate" লৈ Back-shift হ'ব লাগে, "eat" হৈ নাথাকে।

StudyBix.com-Q2: How should a statement in the present continuous tense be changed into reported speech when the reporting verb is in the past?

A
It changes to the past perfect continuous tense.
B
It remains in the present continuous tense.
C
It changes to the past perfect tense.
D
It changes to the present perfect continuous tense.
E
It changes to the past continuous tense.

StudyBix.com-Q2: जब Reporting Verb भूतकाल में हो, तो Present Continuous Tense के किसी कथन को Reported Speech में कैसे बदला जाना चाहिए?

A
यह Past Perfect Continuous Tense में बदल जाता है।
B
यह Present Continuous Tense में ही रहता है।
C
यह Past Perfect Tense में बदल जाता है।
D
यह Present Perfect Continuous Tense में बदल जाता है।
E
यह Past Continuous Tense में बदल जाता है।

StudyBix.com-Q2: যেতিয়া Reporting Verb অতীত কালত থাকে, তেতিয়া Present Continuous Tenseত থকা এটা বাক্যক Reported Speechলৈ কেনেকৈ সলনি কৰিব লাগে?

A
ই Past Perfect Continuous Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।
B
ই Present Continuous Tenseতে থাকে।
C
ই Past Perfect Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।
D
ই Present Perfect Continuous Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।
E
ই Past Continuous Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: According to the back-shifting rule in reported speech, if the reporting verb is in the past, the present continuous tense ("is/am/are + verb-ing") changes to the past continuous tense ("was/were + verb-ing"). For example, "He is reading" becomes "He said that he was reading."

Why other options are incorrect:

A) Past perfect continuous is used for back-shifting the past continuous tense, not the present continuous.
B) The tense must be back-shifted; it cannot remain in the present continuous.
C) Past perfect is used for back-shifting the present perfect or past simple.
D) The tense shifts to a past form, not another present form like the present perfect continuous.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Reported Speech में Back-shifting नियम के अनुसार, यदि Reporting Verb भूतकाल में है, तो Present Continuous Tense ("is/am/are + verb-ing") Past Continuous Tense ("was/were + verb-ing") में बदल जाता है। उदाहरण के लिए, "He is reading" बदलकर "He said that he was reading" हो जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Past Perfect Continuous का उपयोग Past Continuous Tense को Back-shift करने के लिए किया जाता है, न कि Present Continuous को।
B) Tense को Back-shift किया जाना चाहिए; यह Present Continuous में नहीं रह सकता।
C) Past Perfect का उपयोग Present Perfect या Past Simple को Back-shift करने के लिए किया जाता है।
D) Tense एक Past Form में बदलता है, न कि Present Perfect Continuous जैसे किसी अन्य Present Form में।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Reported Speechত Back-shifting নিয়ম অনুসৰি, যদি Reporting Verbটো অতীত কালত থাকে, তেন্তে Present Continuous Tense ("is/am/are + verb-ing") Past Continuous Tense ("was/were + verb-ing")লৈ সলনি হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, "He is reading" বাক্যটো "He said that he was reading" হৈ যাব।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Past Continuous Tenseক Back-shift কৰিবলৈ Past Perfect Continuous Tense ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, Present Continuousক নহয়।
B) Tenseটো Back-shift হ'বই লাগিব; ই Present Continuousত থাকিব নোৱাৰে।
C) Present Perfect বা Past Simpleক Back-shift কৰিবলৈ Past Perfect ব্যৱহাৰ হয়।
D) Tenseটো Past Formলৈ সলনি হয়, Present Perfect Continuousৰ দৰে অন্য Present Formলৈ নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q3: Which of the following sentences correctly back-shifts the present perfect tense?

A
Direct: "She has finished her work." Reported: He told me that she has finished her work.
B
Direct: "They have seen the movie." Reported: She said that they saw the movie.
C
Direct: "I have eaten lunch." Reported: He said that he had eaten lunch.
D
Direct: "He has gone to the store." Reported: She told him that he went to the store.
E
Direct: "We have arrived." Reported: They said that they have been arriving.

StudyBix.com-Q3: निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा वाक्य Present Perfect Tense को सही ढंग से Back-shift करता है?

A
Direct: "She has finished her work." Reported: He told me that she has finished her work.
B
Direct: "They have seen the movie." Reported: She said that they saw the movie.
C
Direct: "I have eaten lunch." Reported: He said that he had eaten lunch.
D
Direct: "He has gone to the store." Reported: She told him that he went to the store.
E
Direct: "We have arrived." Reported: They said that they have been arriving.

StudyBix.com-Q3: নিম্নলিখিত কোনটো বাক্যই Present Perfect Tenseক শুদ্ধকৈ Back-shift কৰিছে?

A
Direct: "She has finished her work." Reported: He told me that she has finished her work.
B
Direct: "They have seen the movie." Reported: She said that they saw the movie.
C
Direct: "I have eaten lunch." Reported: He said that he had eaten lunch.
D
Direct: "He has gone to the store." Reported: She told him that he went to the store.
E
Direct: "We have arrived." Reported: They said that they have been arriving.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The back-shifting rule states that when the reporting verb is in the past, the present perfect tense ("have/has + past participle") changes to the past perfect tense ("had + past participle"). In this case, "have eaten" correctly changes to "had eaten."

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "has finished" should change to "had finished," not remain in the present perfect.
B) "have seen" should change to "had seen," not the past simple "saw."
D) "has gone" should change to "had gone," not the past simple "went."
E) "have arrived" should change to "had arrived," not "have been arriving," which is a different tense and structure.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Back-shifting नियम यह बताता है कि जब Reporting Verb भूतकाल में होता है, तो Present Perfect Tense ("have/has + past participle") Past Perfect Tense ("had + past participle") में बदल जाता है। इस मामले में, "have eaten" सही ढंग से "had eaten" में बदल गया है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "has finished" को "had finished" में बदलना चाहिए, Present Perfect में नहीं रहना चाहिए।
B) "have seen" को "had seen" में बदलना चाहिए, न कि Past Simple "saw" में।
D) "has gone" को "had gone" में बदलना चाहिए, न कि Past Simple "went" में।
E) "have arrived" को "had arrived" में बदलना चाहिए, न कि "have been arriving" में, जो एक अलग Tense और संरचना है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Back-shifting নিয়মে কয় যে যেতিয়া Reporting Verbটো অতীত কালত থাকে, Present Perfect Tense ("have/has + past participle") Past Perfect Tense ("had + past participle")লৈ সলনি হয়। এই ক্ষেত্ৰত, "have eaten" শুদ্ধকৈ "had eaten"লৈ সলনি হৈছে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "has finished" টো "had finished" লৈ সলনি হ'ব লাগে, Present Perfectত থাকিব নালাগে।
B) "have seen" টো "had seen" লৈ সলনি হ'ব লাগে, Past Simple "saw" লৈ নহয়।
D) "has gone" টো "had gone" লৈ সলনি হ'ব লাগে, Past Simple "went" লৈ নহয়।
E) "have arrived" টো "had arrived" লৈ সলনি হ'ব লাগে, "have been arriving" লৈ নহয়, যিটো এটা বেলেগ Tense আৰু গঠন।

StudyBix.com-Q4: When reporting a statement in the past simple tense, what is the correct back-shifted tense?

A
It changes to the present perfect tense.
B
It changes to the past perfect tense.
C
It remains in the past simple tense.
D
It changes to the past continuous tense.
E
Both B and C can be correct.

StudyBix.com-Q4: जब Past Simple Tense में किसी कथन को Report किया जाता है, तो सही Back-shifted Tense क्या होता है?

A
यह Present Perfect Tense में बदल जाता है।
B
यह Past Perfect Tense में बदल जाता है।
C
यह Past Simple Tense में ही रहता है।
D
यह Past Continuous Tense में बदल जाता है।
E
B और C दोनों सही हो सकते हैं।

StudyBix.com-Q4: যেতিয়া Past Simple Tenseত থকা এটা বাক্যক Report কৰা হয়, শুদ্ধ Back-shifted Tense কি হ'ব?

A
ই Present Perfect Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।
B
ই Past Perfect Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।
C
ই Past Simple Tenseতে থাকে।
D
ই Past Continuous Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।
E
B আৰু C দুয়োটাই শুদ্ধ হ'ব পাৰে।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: When the direct speech is in the past simple tense, it can either be back-shifted to the past perfect tense or, in some contexts where the time is clear, it can remain in the past simple tense. For example, Direct: "I saw a film yesterday." Reported: "She said she had seen a film the day before" (back-shifted) or "She said she saw a film yesterday" (remains the same). Both are widely accepted.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The tense must shift to a past form, not a present form like the present perfect.
B) While changing to the past perfect is correct, it's not the only possibility, making this option incomplete.
C) While remaining in the past simple is correct in some cases, it's not the only possibility, making this option incomplete.
D) Past continuous is used for back-shifting the present continuous, not the past simple.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: जब Direct Speech Past Simple Tense में होती है, तो इसे या तो Past Perfect Tense में Back-shift किया जा सकता है, या कुछ संदर्भों में जहाँ समय स्पष्ट है, यह Past Simple Tense में ही रह सकता है। उदाहरण के लिए, Direct: "I saw a film yesterday." Reported: "She said she had seen a film the day before" (back-shifted) या "She said she saw a film yesterday" (वही रहता है)। दोनों व्यापक रूप से स्वीकार किए जाते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Tense को Past Form में बदलना चाहिए, न कि Present Perfect जैसे Present Form में।
B) यद्यपि Past Perfect में बदलना सही है, यह एकमात्र संभावना नहीं है, जो इस विकल्प को अधूरा बनाती है।
C) यद्यपि कुछ मामलों में Past Simple में रहना सही है, यह एकमात्र संभावना नहीं है, जो इस विकल्प को अधूरा बनाती है।
D) Past Continuous का उपयोग Present Continuous को Back-shift करने के लिए किया जाता है, न कि Past Simple को।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যেতিয়া Direct Speechটো Past Simple Tenseত থাকে, ইয়াক হয় Past Perfect Tenseলৈ Back-shift কৰিব পাৰি, বা কিছুমান ಸಂದৰ্ভত য'ত সময় স্পষ্ট, ই Past Simple Tenseতে থাকিব পাৰে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, Direct: "I saw a film yesterday." Reported: "She said she had seen a film the day before" (back-shifted) বা "She said she saw a film yesterday" (একে থাকে)। দুয়োটাই বহুলভাৱে গ্ৰহণযোগ্য।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Tenseটো Past Formলৈ সলনি হ'ব লাগে, Present Perfectৰ দৰে Present Formলৈ নহয়।
B) Past Perfectলৈ সলনি কৰাটো শুদ্ধ হ'লেও, ই একমাত্ৰ সম্ভাৱনা নহয়, যাৰ বাবে এই বিকল্পটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ।
C) কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত Past Simpleতে থকাটো শুদ্ধ হ'লেও, ই একমাত্ৰ সম্ভাৱনা নহয়, যাৰ বাবে এই বিকল্পটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ।
D) Present Continuousক Back-shift কৰিবলৈ Past Continuous ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, Past Simpleক নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q5: Which of these modal verbs typically does NOT change in reported speech?

A
Can
B
May
C
Will
D
Must
E
Should

StudyBix.com-Q5: इनमें से कौन सा Modal Verb आमतौर पर Reported Speech में नहीं बदलता है?

A
Can
B
May
C
Will
D
Must
E
Should

StudyBix.com-Q5: এইবোৰৰ কোনটো Modal Verb সাধাৰণতে Reported Speechত সলনি নহয়?

A
Can
B
May
C
Will
D
Must
E
Should

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Modal verbs like 'should', 'would', 'could', 'might', and 'ought to' do not change when back-shifting in reported speech. 'Can' changes to 'could', 'may' changes to 'might', 'will' changes to 'would', and 'must' often changes to 'had to'.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) 'Can' changes to 'could'.
B) 'May' changes to 'might'.
C) 'Will' changes to 'would'.
D) 'Must' usually changes to 'had to' (to express obligation).

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: 'Should', 'would', 'could', 'might', और 'ought to' जैसे Modal Verbs Reported Speech में Back-shifting करते समय नहीं बदलते हैं। 'Can' 'could' में, 'may' 'might' में, 'will' 'would' में, और 'must' अक्सर 'had to' में बदल जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) 'Can' 'could' में बदल जाता है।
B) 'May' 'might' में बदल जाता है।
C) 'Will' 'would' में बदल जाता है।
D) 'Must' आमतौर पर 'had to' में बदल जाता है (बाध्यता व्यक्त करने के लिए)।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: 'Should', 'would', 'could', 'might', আৰু 'ought to'ৰ দৰে Modal Verbবোৰ Reported Speechত Back-shifting কৰোঁতে সলনি নহয়। 'Can' 'could'লৈ, 'may' 'might'লৈ, 'will' 'would'লৈ, আৰু 'must' প্ৰায়ে 'had to'লৈ সলনি হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) 'Can' 'could'লৈ সলনি হয়।
B) 'May' 'might'লৈ সলনি হয়।
C) 'Will' 'would'লৈ সলনি হয়।
D) 'Must' সাধাৰণতে 'had to'লৈ সলনি হয় (বাধ্যবাধকতা প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ)।

StudyBix.com-Q6: If the direct speech contains a universal truth or a habitual fact, how is the tense affected in reported speech even if the reporting verb is in the past?

A
The tense is always back-shifted to the past perfect.
B
The tense changes to the past continuous.
C
The tense does not change.
D
The tense is always back-shifted to the past simple.
E
The tense changes to the present perfect.

StudyBix.com-Q6: यदि Direct Speech में एक सार्वभौमिक सत्य या एक आदतन तथ्य है, तो Reporting Verb के भूतकाल में होने पर भी Reported Speech में Tense कैसे प्रभावित होता है?

A
Tense हमेशा Past Perfect में Back-shift होता है।
B
Tense Past Continuous में बदल जाता है।
C
Tense नहीं बदलता है।
D
Tense हमेशा Past Simple में Back-shift होता है।
E
Tense Present Perfect में बदल जाता है।

StudyBix.com-Q6: যদি Direct Speechত এটা চিৰন্তন সত্য বা অভ্যাসগত সত্য থাকে, Reporting Verbটো অতীত কালত থাকিলেও Reported Speechত Tenseটো কেনেকৈ প্ৰভাৱিত হয়?

A
Tenseটো সদায় Past Perfectলৈ Back-shift হয়।
B
Tenseটো Past Continuousলৈ সলনি হয়।
C
Tenseটো সলনি নহয়।
D
Tenseটো সদায় Past Simpleলৈ Back-shift হয়।
E
Tenseটো Present Perfectলৈ সলনি হয়।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: When the direct speech expresses a universal truth, a scientific fact, or a habitual action that is still true, the tense of the verb is not back-shifted, even if the reporting verb is in the past. For example, Direct: "The Earth revolves around the Sun." Reported: "The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun."

Why other options are incorrect:

A) Back-shifting to the past perfect would incorrectly imply the universal truth is no longer true.
B) Past continuous is an incorrect tense change for a simple present fact.
D) Back-shifting to the past simple would be incorrect; it would suggest the fact is no longer valid.
E) Changing to the present perfect is not part of the back-shifting rule in this context.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: जब Direct Speech एक सार्वभौमिक सत्य, एक वैज्ञानिक तथ्य, या एक आदतन क्रिया व्यक्त करती है जो अभी भी सच है, तो क्रिया का Tense Back-shift नहीं होता है, भले ही Reporting Verb भूतकाल में हो। उदाहरण के लिए, Direct: "The Earth revolves around the Sun." Reported: "The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun."

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Past Perfect में Back-shift करने से यह गलत अर्थ निकलेगा कि सार्वभौमिक सत्य अब सच नहीं है।
B) एक Simple Present तथ्य के लिए Past Continuous एक गलत Tense परिवर्तन है।
D) Past Simple में Back-shift करना गलत होगा; यह सुझाव देगा कि तथ्य अब मान्य नहीं है।
E) Present Perfect में बदलना इस संदर्भ में Back-shifting नियम का हिस्सा नहीं है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যেতিয়া Direct Speechএ এটা চিৰন্তন সত্য, এটা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য, বা এতিয়াও সত্য হোৱা এটা অভ্যাসগত কাৰ্য প্ৰকাশ কৰে, Reporting Verbটো অতীত কালত থাকিলেও Verbৰ Tenseটো Back-shift নহয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, Direct: "The Earth revolves around the Sun." Reported: "The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun."

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Past Perfectলৈ Back-shift কৰিলে চিৰন্তন সত্যটো আৰু সত্য নহয় বুলি অশুদ্ধভাৱে বুজোৱা হ'ব।
B) এটা Simple Present Factৰ বাবে Past Continuous এটা অশুদ্ধ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।
D) Past Simpleলৈ Back-shift কৰাটো অশুদ্ধ হ'ব; ই সত্যটো আৰু বৈধ নহয় বুলি বুজাব।
E) Present Perfectলৈ সলনি কৰাটো এই ಸಂದৰ্ভত Back-shifting নিয়মৰ অংশ নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q7: How is the past continuous tense back-shifted in reported speech?

A
It changes to the past perfect tense.
B
It changes to the past perfect continuous tense.
C
It remains as the past continuous tense.
D
It changes to the simple past tense.
E
It changes to the present perfect continuous tense.

StudyBix.com-Q7: Reported Speech में Past Continuous Tense को कैसे Back-shift किया जाता है?

A
यह Past Perfect Tense में बदल जाता है।
B
यह Past Perfect Continuous Tense में बदल जाता है।
C
यह Past Continuous Tense के रूप में ही रहता है।
D
यह Simple Past Tense में बदल जाता है।
E
यह Present Perfect Continuous Tense में बदल जाता है।

StudyBix.com-Q7: Reported Speechত Past Continuous Tenseক কেনেকৈ Back-shift কৰা হয়?

A
ই Past Perfect Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।
B
ই Past Perfect Continuous Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।
C
ই Past Continuous Tense হৈয়েই থাকে।
D
ই Simple Past Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।
E
ই Present Perfect Continuous Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: When the reporting verb is in the past, the past continuous tense ("was/were + verb-ing") in direct speech is back-shifted to the past perfect continuous tense ("had been + verb-ing"). For example, Direct: "I was watching TV." Reported: "He said that he had been watching TV."

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The past perfect is the back-shift for the simple past or present perfect.
C) While it can sometimes remain unchanged, the standard rule is to back-shift it.
D) Simple past is a different tense structure and not the correct back-shift.
E) The tense must shift to a past form, not a present one.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: जब Reporting Verb भूतकाल में होता है, तो Direct Speech में Past Continuous Tense ("was/were + verb-ing") को Reported Speech में Past Perfect Continuous Tense ("had been + verb-ing") में Back-shift किया जाता है। उदाहरण के लिए, Direct: "I was watching TV." Reported: "He said that he had been watching TV."

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Past Perfect, Simple Past या Present Perfect का Back-shift है।
C) जबकि यह कभी-कभी अपरिवर्तित रह सकता है, मानक नियम इसे Back-shift करना है।
D) Simple Past एक अलग Tense संरचना है और सही Back-shift नहीं है।
E) Tense को Past Form में बदलना चाहिए, न कि Present Form में।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যেতিয়া Reporting Verbটো অতীত কালত থাকে, Direct Speechত থকা Past Continuous Tense ("was/were + verb-ing")টো Reported Speechত Past Perfect Continuous Tense ("had been + verb-ing")লৈ Back-shift হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, Direct: "I was watching TV." Reported: "He said that he had been watching TV."

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Simple Past বা Present Perfectৰ Back-shift হৈছে Past Perfect।
C) যদিও কেতিয়াবা ই অপৰিৱৰ্তিত থাকিব পাৰে, সাধাৰণ নিয়মটো হৈছে ইয়াক Back-shift কৰা।
D) Simple Past এটা বেলেগ Tenseৰ গঠন আৰু ই সঠিক Back-shift নহয়।
E) Tenseটো Past Formলৈ সলনি হ'ব লাগে, Present Formলৈ নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q8: Which of the following sentences correctly back-shifts the modal verb 'will'?

A
Direct: "I will call you." Reported: She said that she will call me.
B
Direct: "They will arrive tomorrow." Reported: He said that they would arrive the next day.
C
Direct: "He will be there." Reported: She said that he can be there.
D
Direct: "We will win." Reported: They said that they may win.
E
Direct: "She will eat later." Reported: He said that she might eat later.

StudyBix.com-Q8: निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा वाक्य Modal Verb 'will' को सही ढंग से Back-shift करता है?

A
Direct: "I will call you." Reported: She said that she will call me.
B
Direct: "They will arrive tomorrow." Reported: He said that they would arrive the next day.
C
Direct: "He will be there." Reported: She said that he can be there.
D
Direct: "We will win." Reported: They said that they may win.
E
Direct: "She will eat later." Reported: He said that she might eat later.

StudyBix.com-Q8: নিম্নলিখিত কোনটো বাক্যই Modal Verb 'will'ক শুদ্ধকৈ Back-shift কৰিছে?

A
Direct: "I will call you." Reported: She said that she will call me.
B
Direct: "They will arrive tomorrow." Reported: He said that they would arrive the next day.
C
Direct: "He will be there." Reported: She said that he can be there.
D
Direct: "We will win." Reported: They said that they may win.
E
Direct: "She will eat later." Reported: He said that she might eat later.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The back-shifting rule for the modal verb 'will' is to change it to 'would' when the reporting verb is in the past. Additionally, the time expression 'tomorrow' correctly changes to 'the next day'.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) 'will' has not been back-shifted to 'would'.
C) 'will' should change to 'would', not 'can'.
D) 'will' should change to 'would', not 'may'.
E) 'will' should change to 'would', not 'might'.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Modal Verb 'will' के लिए Back-shifting नियम यह है कि जब Reporting Verb भूतकाल में हो तो इसे 'would' में बदल दिया जाए। इसके अतिरिक्त, समय अभिव्यक्ति 'tomorrow' सही ढंग से 'the next day' में बदल जाती है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) 'will' को 'would' में Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
C) 'will' को 'would' में बदलना चाहिए, 'can' में नहीं।
D) 'will' को 'would' में बदलना चाहिए, 'may' में नहीं।
E) 'will' को 'would' में बदलना चाहिए, 'might' में नहीं।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Modal Verb 'will'ৰ বাবে Back-shifting নিয়মটো হ'ল Reporting Verbটো অতীত কালত থাকিলে ইয়াক 'would'লৈ সলনি কৰা। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও, সময় প্ৰকাশক 'tomorrow' শুদ্ধকৈ 'the next day'লৈ সলনি হৈছে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) 'will'ক 'would'লৈ Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
C) 'will' 'would'লৈ সলনি হ'ব লাগে, 'can'লৈ নহয়।
D) 'will' 'would'লৈ সলনি হ'ব লাগে, 'may'লৈ নহয়।
E) 'will' 'would'লৈ সলনি হ'ব লাগে, 'might'লৈ নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q9: What happens to the past perfect tense in direct speech when it is reported with a past tense reporting verb?

A
It changes to the past simple.
B
It changes to the present perfect.
C
It changes to the future perfect.
D
It does not change.
E
It changes to the past perfect continuous.

StudyBix.com-Q9: जब Past Perfect Tense में दिए गए Direct Speech को Past Tense Reporting Verb के साथ Report किया जाता है, तो क्या होता है?

A
यह Past Simple में बदल जाता है।
B
यह Present Perfect में बदल जाता है।
C
यह Future Perfect में बदल जाता है।
D
यह नहीं बदलता है।
E
यह Past Perfect Continuous में बदल जाता है।

StudyBix.com-Q9: যেতিয়া Past Perfect Tenseত থকা Direct Speechক Past Tense Reporting Verbৰে Report কৰা হয়, তেতিয়া কি হয়?

A
ই Past Simpleলৈ সলনি হয়।
B
ই Present Perfectলৈ সলনি হয়।
C
ই Future Perfectলৈ সলনি হয়।
D
ই সলনি নহয়।
E
ই Past Perfect Continuousলৈ সলনি হয়।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The past perfect tense ("had + past participle") is the furthest back we can shift a tense in English. Therefore, when a direct speech statement is already in the past perfect, it remains unchanged in reported speech. For example, Direct: "I had already left." Reported: "He said that he had already left."

Why other options are incorrect:

A) Changing it to past simple would be an incorrect "forward-shift."
B) Changing it to a present tense is incorrect when back-shifting.
C) Changing it to a future tense is incorrect.
E) Changing to past perfect continuous would alter the meaning and is not the correct rule.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Past Perfect Tense ("had + past participle") अंग्रेजी में एक Tense को हम जितना पीछे Shift कर सकते हैं, उसकी अंतिम सीमा है। इसलिए, जब कोई Direct Speech कथन पहले से ही Past Perfect में होता है, तो यह Reported Speech में अपरिवर्तित रहता है। उदाहरण के लिए, Direct: "I had already left." Reported: "He said that he had already left."

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) इसे Past Simple में बदलना एक गलत "Forward-shift" होगा।
B) Back-shifting करते समय इसे Present Tense में बदलना गलत है।
C) इसे Future Tense में बदलना गलत है।
E) Past Perfect Continuous में बदलने से अर्थ बदल जाएगा और यह सही नियम नहीं है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Past Perfect Tense ("had + past participle") ইংৰাজীত আমি এটা Tenseক যিমান পাৰি পিছলৈ Shift কৰিব পাৰোঁ, তাৰ শেষ সীমা। সেয়েহে, যেতিয়া এটা Direct Speechৰ বাক্য ইতিমধ্যে Past Perfectত থাকে, ই Reported Speechত অপৰিৱৰ্তিত থাকে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, Direct: "I had already left." Reported: "He said that he had already left."

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) ইয়াক Past Simpleলৈ সলনি কৰিলে এটা অশুদ্ধ "Forward-shift" হ'ব।
B) Back-shifting কৰোঁতে ইয়াক Present Tenseলৈ সলনি কৰাটো অশুদ্ধ।
C) ইয়াক Future Tenseলৈ সলনি কৰাটো অশুদ্ধ।
E) Past Perfect Continuousলৈ সলনি কৰিলে অৰ্থ সলনি হ'ব আৰু ই সঠিক নিয়ম নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q10: The direct speech is: "I may go to the party." Which is the correctly reported version?

A
She said that she may go to the party.
B
She said that she will go to the party.
C
She said that she can go to the party.
D
She said that she would go to the party.
E
She said that she might go to the party.

StudyBix.com-Q10: Direct Speech है: "I may go to the party." इसका सही Reported संस्करण कौन सा है?

A
She said that she may go to the party.
B
She said that she will go to the party.
C
She said that she can go to the party.
D
She said that she would go to the party.
E
She said that she might go to the party.

StudyBix.com-Q10: Direct Speechটো হ'ল: "I may go to the party." কোনটো শুদ্ধকৈ Report কৰা সংস্কৰণ?

A
She said that she may go to the party.
B
She said that she will go to the party.
C
She said that she can go to the party.
D
She said that she would go to the party.
E
She said that she might go to the party.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: When the reporting verb is in the past, the modal verb 'may' is back-shifted to 'might'. This indicates possibility in the past.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) 'may' should be back-shifted; it doesn't remain the same.
B) 'will' is a completely different modal verb and is incorrect.
C) 'can' is a different modal verb. The back-shift of 'can' is 'could'.
D) 'would' is the back-shift of 'will', not 'may'.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: जब Reporting Verb भूतकाल में होता है, तो Modal Verb 'may' को 'might' में Back-shift किया जाता है। यह अतीत में संभावना को इंगित करता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) 'may' को Back-shift किया जाना चाहिए; यह वही नहीं रहता।
B) 'will' एक पूरी तरह से अलग Modal Verb है और गलत है।
C) 'can' एक अलग Modal Verb है। 'can' का Back-shift 'could' है।
D) 'would', 'will' का Back-shift है, 'may' का नहीं।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যেতিয়া Reporting Verbটো অতীত কালত থাকে, Modal Verb 'may'ক 'might'লৈ Back-shift কৰা হয়। ই অতীতত সম্ভাৱনা সূচায়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) 'may' Back-shift h'b lage; i ekei nathake.
B) 'will' এটা সম্পূৰ্ণ বেলেগ Modal Verb আৰু ই অশুদ্ধ।
C) 'can' এটা বেলেগ Modal Verb। 'can'ৰ Back-shift h'l 'could'।
D) 'would' h'l 'will'ৰ Back-shift, 'may'ৰ nahaẏa.

StudyBix.com-Q11: The reporting verb is in the past tense. The direct speech is, "I must finish this assignment." What is the most common way to report this?

A
He said that he must have finished that assignment.
B
He said that he must finish that assignment.
C
He said that he had to finish that assignment.
D
He said that he should finish that assignment.
E
He said that he finished that assignment.

StudyBix.com-Q11: Reporting Verb Past Tense में है। Direct Speech है, "I must finish this assignment." इसे Report करने का सबसे आम तरीका क्या है?

A
He said that he must have finished that assignment.
B
He said that he must finish that assignment.
C
He said that he had to finish that assignment.
D
He said that he should finish that assignment.
E
He said that he finished that assignment.

StudyBix.com-Q11: Reporting Verbটো Past Tenseত আছে। Direct Speechটো h'l, "I must finish this assignment." ইয়াক Report কৰাৰ আটাইতকৈ সাধাৰণ উপায় কি?

A
He said that he must have finished that assignment.
B
He said that he must finish that assignment.
C
He said that he had to finish that assignment.
D
He said that he should finish that assignment.
E
He said that he finished that assignment.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: When 'must' is used to express obligation or necessity in direct speech, it is commonly back-shifted to 'had to' in reported speech. 'This' also changes to 'that'.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) 'must have finished' changes the meaning to a deduction about the past.
B) While 'must' can sometimes remain unchanged, 'had to' is the more standard and common back-shift for obligation.
D) 'should' implies advice, which is a different meaning from the obligation of 'must'.
E) This changes the meaning from an obligation to a completed action.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: जब Direct Speech में दायित्व या आवश्यकता व्यक्त करने के लिए 'must' का उपयोग किया जाता है, तो इसे आमतौर पर Reported Speech में 'had to' में Back-shift किया जाता है। 'This' भी 'that' में बदल जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) 'must have finished' अर्थ को अतीत के बारे में एक अनुमान में बदल देता है।
B) जबकि 'must' कभी-कभी अपरिवर्तित रह सकता है, 'had to' दायित्व के लिए अधिक मानक और सामान्य Back-shift है।
D) 'should' सलाह का अर्थ देता है, जो 'must' के दायित्व के अर्थ से अलग है।
E) यह अर्थ को एक दायित्व से एक पूर्ण की गई क्रिया में बदल देता है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যেতিয়া Direct Speechত 'must'ক বাধ্যবাধকতা বা প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, Reported Speechত ইয়াক সাধাৰণতে 'had to'লৈ Back-shift কৰা হয়। 'This'ও 'that'লৈ সলনি হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) 'must have finished'এ অৰ্থ সলনি কৰি অতীতৰ এটা অনুমান বুজাইছে।
B) যদিও 'must' কেতিয়াবা অপৰিৱৰ্তিত থাকিব পাৰে, বাধ্যবাধকতাৰ বাবে 'had to' অধিক মানক আৰু সাধাৰণ Back-shift।
D) 'should'এ পৰামৰ্শ বুজায়, যিটো 'must'ৰ বাধ্যবাধকতাৰ অৰ্থতকৈ বেলেগ।
E) ই অৰ্থটো বাধ্যবাধকতাৰ পৰা এটা সম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱা কাৰ্যলৈ সলনি কৰে।

StudyBix.com-Q12: In which situation would the rule of back-shifting NOT apply, even with a past reporting verb?

A
When reporting a question.
B
When the direct speech is about a future event.
C
When the reported information is still true at the time of reporting.
D
When using the reporting verb "whispered".
E
When reporting an exclamation.

StudyBix.com-Q12: किस स्थिति में, Past Reporting Verb के साथ भी, Back-shifting का नियम लागू नहीं होगा?

A
किसी प्रश्न को Report करते समय।
B
जब Direct Speech किसी भविष्य की घटना के बारे में हो।
C
जब Report की गई जानकारी Report करते समय भी सत्य हो।
D
"whispered" Reporting Verb का उपयोग करते समय।
E
किसी विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य को Report करते समय।

StudyBix.com-Q12: কোনটো পৰিস্থিতিত, Past Reporting Verb থকাৰ সত্ত্বেও, Back-shiftingৰ নিয়ম প্ৰযোজ্য নহ'ব?

A
এটা প্ৰশ্ন Report কৰোঁতে।
B
যেতিয়া Direct Speechটো এটা ভৱিষ্যতৰ ঘটনাৰ বিষয়ে হয়।
C
যেতিয়া Report কৰা তথ্য Report কৰাৰ সময়তো সত্য হৈ থাকে।
D
যেতিয়া "whispered" Reporting Verbটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
E
এটা বিস্ময়সূচক বাক্য Report কৰোঁতে।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The back-shifting rule can be optional if the statement in the direct speech is still true or relevant at the moment of reporting. For example, Direct: "My brother is a doctor." Reported: "She told me her brother is a doctor" (instead of 'was a doctor'), because he is still a doctor.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) Tenses in questions are also back-shifted (e.g., "Are you okay?" becomes "He asked if I was okay.").
B) Future tenses are back-shifted (e.g., 'will' becomes 'would').
D) The choice of reporting verb (said, told, whispered) does not change the rule of back-shifting.
E) Tenses in exclamations are also typically back-shifted.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: यदि Direct Speech में दिया गया कथन Report करने के समय भी सत्य या प्रासंगिक है, तो Back-shifting का नियम वैकल्पिक हो सकता है। उदाहरण के लिए, Direct: "My brother is a doctor." Reported: "She told me her brother is a doctor" ('was a doctor' के बजाय), क्योंकि वह अभी भी एक डॉक्टर है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) प्रश्नों में Tenses भी Back-shift होते हैं (जैसे, "Are you okay?" "He asked if I was okay" बन जाता है)।
B) Future Tenses Back-shift होते हैं (जैसे, 'will' 'would' बन जाता है)।
D) Reporting Verb का चुनाव (said, told, whispered) Back-shifting के नियम को नहीं बदलता है।
E) विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्यों में Tenses भी आमतौर पर Back-shift होते हैं।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যদি Direct Speechৰ বাক্যটো Report কৰাৰ মুহূৰ্ততো সত্য বা প্ৰাসংগিক হৈ থাকে, তেন্তে Back-shiftingৰ নিয়মটো বৈকল্পিক হ'ব পাৰে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, Direct: "My brother is a doctor." Reported: "She told me her brother is a doctor" ('was a doctor'ৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে), কাৰণ তেওঁ এতিয়াও এজন ডাক্তৰ।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) প্ৰশ্নৰ Tenseবোৰো Back-shift হয় (যেনে, "Are you okay?" "He asked if I was okay" হৈ যায়)।
B) Future Tenseবোৰ Back-shift হয় (যেনে, 'will' 'would' হৈ যায়)।
D) Reporting Verbৰ বাছনি (said, told, whispered)এ Back-shiftingৰ নিয়ম সলনি নকৰে।
E) বিস্ময়সূচক বাক্যৰ Tenseবোৰো সাধাৰণতে Back-shift হয়।

StudyBix.com-Q13: Direct speech: "I am planning to move next week." Which reported speech sentence is correct?

A
He said he is planning to move next week.
B
He said he was planning to move the following week.
C
He said he had been planning to move the following week.
D
He said he planned to move next week.
E
He said he was planning to move next week.

StudyBix.com-Q13: Direct Speech: "I am planning to move next week." कौन सा Reported Speech वाक्य सही है?

A
He said he is planning to move next week.
B
He said he was planning to move the following week.
C
He said he had been planning to move the following week.
D
He said he planned to move next week.
E
He said he was planning to move next week.

StudyBix.com-Q13: Direct Speech: "I am planning to move next week." কোনটো Reported Speech বাক্য শুদ্ধ?

A
He said he is planning to move next week.
B
He said he was planning to move the following week.
C
He said he had been planning to move the following week.
D
He said he planned to move next week.
E
He said he was planning to move next week.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The present continuous tense ("am planning") is back-shifted to the past continuous tense ("was planning"). The time expression "next week" must also be changed to "the following week" to reflect the shift in time from the original utterance.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The tense "is planning" has not been back-shifted.
C) "had been planning" (past perfect continuous) is the back-shift for past continuous, not present continuous.
D) "planned" (simple past) is an incorrect tense shift.
E) The time expression "next week" is not changed, which can create confusion. "The following week" is the correct and clearer choice.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Present Continuous Tense ("am planning") को Past Continuous Tense ("was planning") में Back-shift किया जाता है। समय अभिव्यक्ति "next week" को भी "the following week" में बदलना चाहिए ताकि मूल कथन से समय के बदलाव को दर्शाया जा सके।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Tense "is planning" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
C) "had been planning" (Past Perfect Continuous) Past Continuous का Back-shift है, न कि Present Continuous का।
D) "planned" (Simple Past) एक गलत Tense परिवर्तन है।
E) समय अभिव्यक्ति "next week" को नहीं बदला गया है, जो भ्रम पैदा कर सकता है। "The following week" सही और स्पष्ट विकल्प है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Present Continuous Tense ("am planning")ক Past Continuous Tense ("was planning")লৈ Back-shift কৰা হয়। সময় প্ৰকাশক "next week"কো "the following week"লৈ সলনি কৰিব লাগে যাতে মূল উক্তিৰ পৰা সময়ৰ পৰিৱৰ্তনটো প্ৰতিফলিত হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Tense "is planning"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
C) "had been planning" (Past Perfect Continuous) Past Continuousৰ Back-shift হয়, Present Continuousৰ নহয়।
D) "planned" (Simple Past) এটা অশুদ্ধ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।
E) সময় প্ৰকাশক "next week" সলনি কৰা হোৱা নাই, যিয়ে বিভ্ৰান্তিৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে। "The following week" শুদ্ধ আৰু স্পষ্ট বিকল্প।

StudyBix.com-Q14: How should "I have been working here for five years" be reported?

A
She said she has been working there for five years.
B
She said she was working there for five years.
C
She said she had been working there for five years.
D
She said she worked there for five years.
E
She said she had worked there for five years.

StudyBix.com-Q14: "I have been working here for five years" को कैसे Report किया जाना चाहिए?

A
She said she has been working there for five years.
B
She said she was working there for five years.
C
She said she had been working there for five years.
D
She said she worked there for five years.
E
She said she had worked there for five years.

StudyBix.com-Q14: "I have been working here for five years"ক কেনেকৈ Report কৰিব লাগে?

A
She said she has been working there for five years.
B
She said she was working there for five years.
C
She said she had been working there for five years.
D
She said she worked there for five years.
E
She said she had worked there for five years.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The present perfect continuous tense ("have been working") is back-shifted to the past perfect continuous tense ("had been working"). The place adverb "here" is also correctly changed to "there".

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The tense has not been back-shifted from present perfect continuous.
B) Past continuous is an incorrect tense shift.
D) Simple past is an incorrect tense shift.
E) Past perfect is an incorrect tense shift; the continuous aspect is lost.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Present Perfect Continuous Tense ("have been working") को Past Perfect Continuous Tense ("had been working") में Back-shift किया जाता है। स्थान क्रियाविशेषण "here" को भी सही ढंग से "there" में बदल दिया जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Tense को Present Perfect Continuous से Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
B) Past Continuous एक गलत Tense परिवर्तन है।
D) Simple Past एक गलत Tense परिवर्तन है।
E) Past Perfect एक गलत Tense परिवर्तन है; Continuous पहलू खो गया है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Present Perfect Continuous Tense ("have been working")ক Past Perfect Continuous Tense ("had been working")লৈ Back-shift কৰা হয়। স্থানবাচক Adverb "here"কো শুদ্ধকৈ "there"লৈ সলনি কৰা হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Tenseটো Present Perfect Continuousৰ পৰা Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
B) Past Continuous এটা অশুদ্ধ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।
D) Simple Past এটা অশুদ্ধ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।
E) Past Perfect এটা অশুদ্ধ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন; Continuous Aspectটো হেৰাই গৈছে।

StudyBix.com-Q15: The direct speech is: "He said, 'I didn't do it.'" What is the correct reported speech?

A
He said that he didn't do it.
B
He said that he hadn't done it.
C
He said that he hasn't done it.
D
Both A and B are correct.
E
He said that he did not done it.

StudyBix.com-Q15: Direct Speech है: "He said, 'I didn't do it.'" सही Reported Speech क्या है?

A
He said that he didn't do it.
B
He said that he hadn't done it.
C
He said that he hasn't done it.
D
A और B दोनों सही हैं।
E
He said that he did not done it.

StudyBix.com-Q15: Direct Speechটো h'l: "He said, 'I didn't do it.'" শুদ্ধ Reported Speech কি?

A
He said that he didn't do it.
B
He said that he hadn't done it.
C
He said that he hasn't done it.
D
A আৰু B দুয়োটাই শুদ্ধ।
E
He said that he did not done it.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The direct speech is in the past simple tense ("didn't do"). As a rule, the past simple can be back-shifted to the past perfect ("hadn't done"). However, it is also common and grammatically correct for the past simple to remain as past simple in reported speech, especially in informal contexts. Therefore, both options are acceptable.

Why other options are incorrect:

C) "hasn't done" is present perfect, which is an incorrect tense shift.
E) "did not done" is grammatically incorrect. The base form "do" should follow "did not".

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Direct Speech Past Simple Tense में है ("didn't do")। नियम के अनुसार, Past Simple को Past Perfect ("hadn't done") में Back-shift किया जा सकता है। हालाँकि, Reported Speech में Past Simple का Past Simple के रूप में रहना भी आम और व्याकरण की दृष्टि से सही है, खासकर अनौपचारिक संदर्भों में। इसलिए, दोनों विकल्प स्वीकार्य हैं।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

C) "hasn't done" Present Perfect है, जो एक गलत Tense परिवर्तन है।
E) "did not done" व्याकरण की दृष्टि से गलत है। "did not" के बाद मूल रूप "do" आना चाहिए।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Direct Speechটো Past Simple Tenseত আছে ("didn't do")। নিয়ম অনুসৰি, Past Simpleক Past Perfect ("hadn't done")লৈ Back-shift কৰিব পাৰি। কিন্তু, Reported Speechত Past Simpleক Past Simple হিচাপে ৰখাটোও সাধাৰণ আৰু ব্যাকৰণগতভাৱে শুদ্ধ, বিশেষকৈ অনানুষ্ঠানিক ಸಂದৰ্ভত। সেয়েহে, দুয়োটা বিকল্পই গ্ৰহণযোগ্য।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

C) "hasn't done" Present Perfect হয়, যিটো এটা অশুদ্ধ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।
E) "did not done" ব্যাকৰণগতভাৱে অশুদ্ধ। "did not"ৰ পিছত মূল ৰূপ "do" আহিব লাগে।

StudyBix.com-Q16: Which sentence demonstrates an exception to the back-shifting rule for a reporting verb in the present tense?

A
She says, "I am tired." -> She says that she was tired.
B
He says, "I will be there." -> He says that he will be there.
C
They say, "We saw the movie." -> They say that they had seen the movie.
D
She says, "He works hard." -> She says that he worked hard.
E
He says, "I have finished." -> He says that he had finished.

StudyBix.com-Q16: कौन सा वाक्य Present Tense में Reporting Verb के लिए Back-shifting नियम का अपवाद प्रदर्शित करता है?

A
She says, "I am tired." -> She says that she was tired.
B
He says, "I will be there." -> He says that he will be there.
C
They say, "We saw the movie." -> They say that they had seen the movie.
D
She says, "He works hard." -> She says that he worked hard.
E
He says, "I have finished." -> He says that he had finished.

StudyBix.com-Q16: কোনটো বাক্যই Present Tenseত থকা Reporting Verbৰ বাবে Back-shifting নিয়মৰ এটা ব্যতিক্ৰম প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰে?

A
She says, "I am tired." -> She says that she was tired.
B
He says, "I will be there." -> He says that he will be there.
C
They say, "We saw the movie." -> They say that they had seen the movie.
D
She says, "He works hard." -> She says that he worked hard.
E
He says, "I have finished." -> He says that he had finished.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The rule of back-shifting tenses applies only when the main reporting verb is in the past tense (e.g., said, told, asked). If the reporting verb is in the present tense (e.g., says, tells), the tense in the reported clause does not change. Option B correctly shows this, as 'will be' remains 'will be'.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) 'am' is incorrectly changed to 'was'. It should remain 'is'.
C) 'saw' is incorrectly changed to 'had seen'. It should remain 'saw'.
D) 'works' is incorrectly changed to 'worked'. It should remain 'works'.
E) 'have finished' is incorrectly changed to 'had finished'. It should remain 'has finished'.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Tenses को Back-shift करने का नियम केवल तभी लागू होता है जब मुख्य Reporting Verb भूतकाल में हो (जैसे, said, told, asked)। यदि Reporting Verb वर्तमान काल में है (जैसे, says, tells), तो Reported Clause में Tense नहीं बदलता है। विकल्प B इसे सही ढंग से दिखाता है, क्योंकि 'will be' 'will be' ही रहता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) 'am' को गलत तरीके से 'was' में बदल दिया गया है। इसे 'is' रहना चाहिए।
C) 'saw' को गलत तरीके से 'had seen' में बदल दिया गया है। इसे 'saw' रहना चाहिए।
D) 'works' को गलत तरीके से 'worked' में बदल दिया गया है। इसे 'works' रहना चाहिए।
E) 'have finished' को गलत तरीके से 'had finished' में बदल दिया गया है। इसे 'has finished' रहना चाहिए।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Tense Back-shiftingৰ নিয়মটো কেৱল তেতিয়াহে প্ৰযোজ্য হয় যেতিয়া মূল Reporting Verbটো Past Tenseত থাকে (যেনে, said, told, asked)। যদি Reporting Verbটো Present Tenseত থাকে (যেনে, says, tells), তেন্তে Reported Clauseৰ Tense সলনি নহয়। বিকল্প Bএ এইটো শুদ্ধকৈ দেখুৱাইছে, কাৰণ 'will be' 'will be' হৈয়েই আছে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) 'am'ক অশুদ্ধকৈ 'was'লৈ সলনি কৰা হৈছে। ই 'is' হৈ থাকিব লাগে।
C) 'saw'ক অশুদ্ধকৈ 'had seen'লৈ সলনি কৰা হৈছে। ই 'saw' হৈ থাকিব লাগে।
D) 'works'ক অশুদ্ধকৈ 'worked'লৈ সলনি কৰা হৈছে। ই 'works' হৈ থাকিব লাগে।
E) 'have finished'ক অশুদ্ধকৈ 'had finished'লৈ সলনি কৰা হৈছে। ই 'has finished' হৈ থাকিব লাগে।

StudyBix.com-Q17: The direct speech is: "I could swim when I was four." How is this correctly reported?

A
He said he could have swum when he was four.
B
He said he can swim when he was four.
C
He said he could swim when he had been four.
D
He said he was able to swim when he was four.
E
He said he could swim when he was four.

StudyBix.com-Q17: Direct Speech है: "I could swim when I was four." इसे सही तरीके से कैसे Report किया जाता है?

A
He said he could have swum when he was four.
B
He said he can swim when he was four.
C
He said he could swim when he had been four.
D
He said he was able to swim when he was four.
E
He said he could swim when he was four.

StudyBix.com-Q17: Direct Speechটো হ'ল: "I could swim when I was four." ইয়াক শুদ্ধকৈ কেনেকৈ Report কৰা হয়?

A
He said he could have swum when he was four.
B
He said he can swim when he was four.
C
He said he could swim when he had been four.
D
He said he was able to swim when he was four.
E
He said he could swim when he was four.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The modal verb 'could' when used to express ability in the past generally does not change in reported speech. The rest of the clause also refers to a specific past time, so it remains the same.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) 'could have swum' implies a past possibility that didn't happen, changing the meaning.
B) 'can' is a present tense modal and an incorrect back-shift.
C) 'had been' is an unnecessary and incorrect tense shift for 'was'.
D) While 'was able to' has a similar meaning, the direct modal 'could' does not need to be rephrased. The original structure is perfectly fine.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: जब अतीत में क्षमता व्यक्त करने के लिए Modal Verb 'could' का उपयोग किया जाता है, तो यह आम तौर पर Reported Speech में नहीं बदलता है। खंड का शेष भाग भी एक विशिष्ट अतीत के समय को संदर्भित करता है, इसलिए यह वैसा ही रहता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) 'could have swum' का अर्थ है एक अतीत की संभावना जो नहीं हुई, जिससे अर्थ बदल जाता है।
B) 'can' एक वर्तमान काल का Modal है और एक गलत Back-shift है।
C) 'was' के लिए 'had been' एक अनावश्यक और गलत Tense परिवर्तन है।
D) जबकि 'was able to' का अर्थ समान है, सीधे Modal 'could' को फिर से लिखने की आवश्यकता नहीं है। मूल संरचना पूरी तरह से ठीक है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যেতিয়া অতীতত সামৰ্থ্য প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ Modal Verb 'could' ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, ই সাধাৰণতে Reported Speechত সলনি নহয়। বাক্যৰ বাকী অংশও এটা নিৰ্দিষ্ট অতীত সময়ক বুজাইছে, সেয়ে ই একেই থাকে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) 'could have swum'এ এটা অতীতৰ সম্ভাৱনা বুজায় যিটো নহ'ল, যাৰ ফলত অৰ্থ সলনি হয়।
B) 'can' এটা বৰ্তমান কালৰ Modal আৰু এটা অশুদ্ধ Back-shift।
C) 'was'ৰ বাবে 'had been' এটা অপ্ৰয়োজনীয় আৰু অশুদ্ধ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।
D) যদিও 'was able to'ৰ অৰ্থ একেই, পোনপটীয়া Modal 'could'ক পুনৰ গঠন কৰাৰ প্ৰয়োজন নাই। মূল গঠনটো সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে শুদ্ধ।

StudyBix.com-Q18: Which time expression is the correct back-shift for "now" in reported speech?

A
Now
B
At the moment
C
That day
D
Then
E
Yesterday

StudyBix.com-Q18: Reported Speech में "now" के लिए कौन सी समय अभिव्यक्ति सही Back-shift है?

A
Now
B
At the moment
C
That day
D
Then
E
Yesterday

StudyBix.com-Q18: Reported Speechত "now"ৰ বাবে কোনটো সময় প্ৰকাশক শুদ্ধ Back-shift হয়?

A
Now
B
At the moment
C
That day
D
Then
E
Yesterday

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: When back-shifting, adverbs of time and place are often changed to reflect the new perspective. "Now" (at the time of speaking) becomes "then" (at that past time of speaking).

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "Now" is not back-shifted and can cause confusion.
B) "At the moment" is a synonym for "now" and also needs to be back-shifted to "at that moment".
C) "That day" is the back-shift for "today".
E) "Yesterday" is a direct time expression; its back-shift is "the day before".

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Back-shifting करते समय, समय और स्थान के क्रियाविशेषण अक्सर नए दृष्टिकोण को दर्शाने के लिए बदल दिए जाते हैं। "Now" (बोलने के समय) "then" (उस अतीत के बोलने के समय) बन जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "Now" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है और यह भ्रम पैदा कर सकता है।
B) "At the moment", "now" का पर्यायवाची है और इसे भी "at that moment" में Back-shift करने की आवश्यकता है।
C) "That day", "today" का Back-shift है।
E) "Yesterday" एक सीधी समय अभिव्यक्ति है; इसका Back-shift "the day before" है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Back-shifting কৰোঁতে, সময় আৰু স্থানৰ Adverbবোৰ প্ৰায়ে নতুন দৃষ্টিভংগী প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিবলৈ সলনি কৰা হয়। "Now" (কোৱাৰ সময়ত) "then" (সেই অতীতৰ কোৱাৰ সময়ত) হৈ পৰে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "Now"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই আৰু ই বিভ্ৰান্তিৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিব পাৰে।
B) "At the moment" "now"ৰ সমাৰ্থক আৰু ইয়াকো "at that moment"লৈ Back-shift কৰিব লাগে।
C) "That day" "today"ৰ Back-shift হয়।
E) "Yesterday" এটা পোনপটীয়া সময় প্ৰকাশক; ইয়াৰ Back-shift হ'ল "the day before"।

StudyBix.com-Q19: Direct speech: "You must not touch that." How should this negative command with 'must' be reported?

A
He told me I didn't have to touch that.
B
He told me I must not have touched that.
C
He told me I should not touch that.
D
He told me I must not touch that.
E
He told me I wasn't allowed to touch that.

StudyBix.com-Q19: Direct Speech: "You must not touch that." 'Must' के साथ इस नकारात्मक आदेश को कैसे Report किया जाना चाहिए?

A
He told me I didn't have to touch that.
B
He told me I must not have touched that.
C
He told me I should not touch that.
D
He told me I must not touch that.
E
He told me I wasn't allowed to touch that.

StudyBix.com-Q19: Direct Speech: "You must not touch that." 'Must'ৰ সৈতে এই ঋণাত্মক আদেশটোক কেনেকৈ Report কৰিব লাগে?

A
He told me I didn't have to touch that.
B
He told me I must not have touched that.
C
He told me I should not touch that.
D
He told me I must not touch that.
E
He told me I wasn't allowed to touch that.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: When 'must not' is used to express a strong prohibition, it does not change in reported speech. It retains its form to convey the original strength of the command.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "didn't have to" means there was no obligation, which is the opposite of a prohibition.
B) "must not have touched" is a deduction about the past, changing the meaning completely.
C) "should not" is advice, which is weaker than the prohibition expressed by "must not".
E) While the meaning is similar, the grammatical rule is that 'must not' for prohibition remains unchanged.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: जब एक मजबूत निषेध व्यक्त करने के लिए 'must not' का उपयोग किया जाता है, तो यह Reported Speech में नहीं बदलता है। यह आदेश की मूल शक्ति को व्यक्त करने के लिए अपने रूप को बनाए रखता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "didn't have to" का अर्थ है कि कोई दायित्व नहीं था, जो निषेध के विपरीत है।
B) "must not have touched" अतीत के बारे में एक अनुमान है, जो अर्थ को पूरी तरह से बदल देता है।
C) "should not" एक सलाह है, जो "must not" द्वारा व्यक्त निषेध से कमजोर है।
E) यद्यपि अर्थ समान है, व्याकरण का नियम यह है कि निषेध के लिए 'must not' अपरिवर्तित रहता है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যেতিয়া 'must not'ক এটা শক্তিশালী নিষেধাজ্ঞা প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, ই Reported Speechত সলনি নহয়। ই আদেশৰ মূল শক্তি প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ নিজৰ ৰূপটো বজাই ৰাখে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "didn't have to"ৰ অৰ্থ হ'ল কোনো বাধ্যবাধকতা নাছিল, যিটো নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বিপৰীত।
B) "must not have touched" অতীতৰ এটা অনুমান, যিয়ে অৰ্থটো সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে সলনি কৰে।
C) "should not" এটা পৰামৰ্শ, যিটো "must not"ৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰকাশিত নিষেধাজ্ঞাতকৈ দুৰ্বল।
E) যদিও অৰ্থটো একেই, ব্যাকৰণৰ নিয়মটো হ'ল নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে 'must not' অপৰিৱৰ্তিত থাকে।

StudyBix.com-Q20: The rule of back-shifting is primarily necessary because of a change in the...

A
speaker of the sentence.
B
subject of the sentence.
C
tense of the reporting verb.
D
object of the sentence.
E
location of the event.

StudyBix.com-Q20: Back-shifting का नियम मुख्य रूप से किसमें परिवर्तन के कारण आवश्यक है?

A
वाक्य के वक्ता।
B
वाक्य के विषय।
C
Reporting Verb के Tense।
D
वाक्य की वस्तु।
E
घटना का स्थान।

StudyBix.com-Q20: Back-shiftingৰ নিয়মটো মূলতঃ কিহৰ পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজনীয়?

A
বাক্যৰ বক্তা।
B
বাক্যৰ কৰ্তা।
C
Reporting Verbৰ Tense।
D
বাক্যৰ কৰ্ম।
E
ঘটনাৰ স্থান।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The entire concept of back-shifting is triggered by the tense of the reporting verb. If the reporting verb is in the past (e.g., "he said"), it creates a new time frame, forcing the tense of the original speech to shift back to maintain logical time sequence. If the reporting verb is in the present ("he says"), no back-shift occurs.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) Changes in the speaker are handled by pronoun changes (I -> he/she), not tense changes.
B) The subject of the reported clause does not determine the tense shift.
D) The object of the reporting verb does not determine the tense shift.
E) Changes in location are handled by adverbs (here -> there), but this is a consequence of back-shifting, not the primary cause.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Back-shifting की पूरी अवधारणा Reporting Verb के Tense से शुरू होती है। यदि Reporting Verb भूतकाल में है (जैसे, "he said"), तो यह एक नई समय-सीमा बनाता है, जो तार्किक समय अनुक्रम को बनाए रखने के लिए मूल भाषण के Tense को पीछे Shift करने के लिए मजबूर करता है। यदि Reporting Verb वर्तमान में है ("he says"), तो कोई Back-shift नहीं होता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) वक्ता में परिवर्तन सर्वनाम परिवर्तन (I -> he/she) द्वारा नियंत्रित होते हैं, न कि Tense परिवर्तन द्वारा।
B) Reported Clause का Subject, Tense Shift का निर्धारण नहीं करता है।
D) Reporting Verb का Object, Tense Shift का निर्धारण नहीं करता है।
E) स्थान में परिवर्तन क्रियाविशेषण (here -> there) द्वारा नियंत्रित होते हैं, लेकिन यह Back-shifting का परिणाम है, न कि प्राथमिक कारण।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Back-shiftingৰ সমগ্ৰ ধাৰণাটো Reporting Verbৰ Tenseৰ দ্বাৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। যদি Reporting Verbটো Past Tenseত থাকে (যেনে, "he said"), ই এটা নতুন সময়ৰ পৰিসৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে, যাৰ ফলত মূল কথাৰ Tenseটো যৌক্তিক সময়ৰ ক্ৰম বজাই ৰাখিবলৈ পিছলৈ Shift কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য হয়। যদি Reporting Verbটো Present Tenseত থাকে ("he says"), তেন্তে কোনো Back-shift নহয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) বক্তাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন Pronounৰ পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ দ্বাৰা নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰা হয় (I -> he/she), Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ দ্বাৰা নহয়।
B) Reported Clauseৰ Subjectএ Tenseৰ Shift নিৰ্ধাৰণ নকৰে।
D) Reporting Verbৰ Objectএ Tenseৰ Shift নিৰ্ধাৰণ নকৰে।
E) স্থানৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন Adverbৰ দ্বাৰা নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰা হয় (here -> there), কিন্তু ই Back-shiftingৰ এটা পৰিণাম, মূল কাৰণ নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q21: Direct Speech: "I will have finished the report by tomorrow." How would you report this?

A
She said she would have finished the report by the next day.
B
She said she will have finished the report by tomorrow.
C
She said she would be finishing the report by the next day.
D
She said she had finished the report by the next day.
E
She said she would have been finishing the report by the next day.

StudyBix.com-Q21: Direct Speech: "I will have finished the report by tomorrow." आप इसे कैसे Report करेंगे?

A
She said she would have finished the report by the next day.
B
She said she will have finished the report by tomorrow.
C
She said she would be finishing the report by the next day.
D
She said she had finished the report by the next day.
E
She said she would have been finishing the report by the next day.

StudyBix.com-Q21: Direct Speech: "I will have finished the report by tomorrow." আপুনি ইয়াক কেনেকৈ Report কৰিব?

A
She said she would have finished the report by the next day.
B
She said she will have finished the report by tomorrow.
C
She said she would be finishing the report by the next day.
D
She said she had finished the report by the next day.
E
She said she would have been finishing the report by the next day.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The future perfect tense ("will have finished") is back-shifted by changing 'will' to 'would'. The structure becomes "would have finished". The time marker "tomorrow" is also correctly changed to "the next day".

Why other options are incorrect:

B) 'will' has not been back-shifted to 'would', and 'tomorrow' has not been changed.
C) 'would be finishing' is future continuous in the past, which changes the meaning.
D) 'had finished' is past perfect, which is an incorrect tense shift.
E) 'would have been finishing' is future perfect continuous in the past, altering the original tense.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Future Perfect Tense ("will have finished") को 'will' को 'would' में बदलकर Back-shift किया जाता है। संरचना "would have finished" बन जाती है। समय सूचक "tomorrow" को भी सही ढंग से "the next day" में बदल दिया गया है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

B) 'will' को 'would' में Back-shift नहीं किया गया है, और 'tomorrow' को नहीं बदला गया है।
C) 'would be finishing' अतीत में Future Continuous है, जो अर्थ बदल देता है।
D) 'had finished' Past Perfect है, जो एक गलत Tense परिवर्तन है।
E) 'would have been finishing' अतीत में Future Perfect Continuous है, जो मूल Tense को बदल देता है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Future Perfect Tense ("will have finished")ক 'will'ক 'would'লৈ সলনি কৰি Back-shift কৰা হয়। গঠনটো "would have finished" হৈ পৰে। সময় সূচক "tomorrow"কো শুদ্ধকৈ "the next day"লৈ সলনি কৰা হৈছে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

B) 'will'ক 'would'লৈ Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই, আৰু 'tomorrow' সলনি কৰা হোৱা নাই।
C) 'would be finishing' Pastত Future Continuous হয়, যিয়ে অৰ্থ সলনি কৰে।
D) 'had finished' Past Perfect হয়, যিটো এটা অশুদ্ধ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।
E) 'would have been finishing' Pastত Future Perfect Continuous হয়, যিয়ে মূল Tenseক সলনি কৰে।

StudyBix.com-Q22: If the direct speech is an imperative (a command), like "Open the door," how is it typically reported?

A
He said to open the door.
B
He told me that I should open the door.
C
He asked me to open the door.
D
He ordered me to open the door.
E
Both C and D can be correct depending on the tone.

StudyBix.com-Q22: यदि Direct Speech एक Imperative (आदेश) है, जैसे "Open the door," तो इसे आमतौर पर कैसे Report किया जाता है?

A
He said to open the door.
B
He told me that I should open the door.
C
He asked me to open the door.
D
He ordered me to open the door.
E
C और D दोनों लहजे के आधार पर सही हो सकते हैं।

StudyBix.com-Q22: যদি Direct Speechটো এটা Imperative (আদেশ) হয়, যেনে "Open the door," ইয়াক সাধাৰণতে কেনেকৈ Report কৰা হয়?

A
He said to open the door.
B
He told me that I should open the door.
C
He asked me to open the door.
D
He ordered me to open the door.
E
C আৰু D দুয়োটাই সুৰৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰি শুদ্ধ হ'ব পাৰে।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Imperative sentences are not reported using "that" clauses. Instead, they are changed to an infinitive form (to + verb). The reporting verb changes to reflect the nature of the command, such as 'told', 'asked', 'ordered', 'commanded', etc. 'Asked' is for a polite request, while 'ordered' is for a strong command. Both can be suitable.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "He said to open" is grammatically awkward; an object is usually required (e.g., "He said to me...").
B) While the meaning is conveyed, the standard structure for reporting imperatives is the infinitive, not a 'should' clause.
C) This is correct, but not the only option.
D) This is also correct, but not the only option.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Imperative वाक्यों को "that" clauses का उपयोग करके Report नहीं किया जाता है। इसके बजाय, उन्हें एक infinitive रूप (to + verb) में बदल दिया जाता है। Reporting Verb आदेश की प्रकृति को दर्शाने के लिए बदल जाता है, जैसे 'told', 'asked', 'ordered', 'commanded', आदि। 'Asked' एक विनम्र अनुरोध के लिए है, जबकि 'ordered' एक मजबूत आदेश के लिए है। दोनों उपयुक्त हो सकते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "He said to open" व्याकरण की दृष्टि से अटपटा है; आमतौर पर एक object की आवश्यकता होती है (जैसे, "He said to me...")।
B) यद्यपि अर्थ व्यक्त किया गया है, Imperatives को Report करने के लिए मानक संरचना infinitive है, न कि 'should' clause।
C) यह सही है, लेकिन एकमात्र विकल्प नहीं है।
D) यह भी सही है, लेकिन एकमात्र विकल्प नहीं है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Imperative বাক্যবোৰ "that" Clause ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Report কৰা নহয়। বৰঞ্চ, সেইবোৰক Infinitive Form (to + verb)লৈ সলনি কৰা হয়। Reporting Verbটো আদেশৰ প্ৰকৃতি প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিবলৈ সলনি হয়, যেনে 'told', 'asked', 'ordered', 'commanded' ইত্যাদি। 'Asked' এটা নম্ৰ অনুৰোধৰ বাবে, আনহাতে 'ordered' এটা শক্তিশালী আদেশৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ হয়। দুয়োটাই উপযুক্ত হ'ব পাৰে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "He said to open" ব্যাকৰণগতভাৱে অশোভন; সাধাৰণতে এটা Objectৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয় (যেনে, "He said to me...")।
B) যদিও অৰ্থটো প্ৰকাশ পাইছে, Imperative Report কৰাৰ মানক গঠনটো Infinitive হয়, 'should' clause নহয়।
C) এইটো শুদ্ধ, কিন্তু একমাত্ৰ বিকল্প নহয়।
D) এইটোও শুদ্ধ, কিন্তু একমাত্ৰ বিকল্প নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q23: Direct Speech: "I saw her yesterday." What is the correctly reported version?

A
He said he saw her yesterday.
B
He said he had seen her yesterday.
C
He said he had seen her the day before.
D
He said he saw her the previous day.
E
Both C and D are correct.

StudyBix.com-Q23: Direct Speech: "I saw her yesterday." सही Reported संस्करण कौन सा है?

A
He said he saw her yesterday.
B
He said he had seen her yesterday.
C
He said he had seen her the day before.
D
He said he saw her the previous day.
E
C और D दोनों सही हैं।

StudyBix.com-Q23: Direct Speech: "I saw her yesterday." শুদ্ধ Report কৰা সংস্কৰণ কোনটো?

A
He said he saw her yesterday.
B
He said he had seen her yesterday.
C
He said he had seen her the day before.
D
He said he saw her the previous day.
E
C আৰু D দুয়োটাই শুদ্ধ।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: In this sentence, two transformations must occur. The past simple "saw" can be back-shifted to the past perfect "had seen" (though sometimes it remains as past simple). Crucially, the time expression "yesterday" must be back-shifted to either "the day before" or "the previous day". Both C and D correctly change the tense and the time marker.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The time marker "yesterday" has not been back-shifted, which is incorrect.
B) The time marker "yesterday" has not been back-shifted.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: इस वाक्य में, दो परिवर्तन होने चाहिए। Past Simple "saw" को Past Perfect "had seen" में Back-shift किया जा सकता है (हालांकि कभी-कभी यह Past Simple के रूप में ही रहता है)। महत्वपूर्ण रूप से, समय अभिव्यक्ति "yesterday" को "the day before" या "the previous day" में Back-shift किया जाना चाहिए। C और D दोनों Tense और समय सूचक को सही ढंग से बदलते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) समय सूचक "yesterday" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है, जो गलत है।
B) समय सूचक "yesterday" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: এই বাক্যটোত দুটা ৰূপান্তৰ হ'ব লাগে। Past Simple "saw"ক Past Perfect "had seen"লৈ Back-shift কৰিব পাৰি (aunque কেতিয়াবা ই Past Simple হৈয়েই থাকে)। গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণভাৱে, সময় প্ৰকাশক "yesterday"ক "the day before" বা "the previous day"লৈ Back-shift কৰিবই লাগিব। C আৰু D দুয়োটাই Tense আৰু সময় সূচক শুদ্ধকৈ সলনি কৰিছে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) সময় সূচক "yesterday"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই, যিটো অশুদ্ধ।
B) সময় সূচক "yesterday"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।

StudyBix.com-Q24: The choice to back-shift the simple past to past perfect is often made to...

A
make the sentence sound more formal.
B
avoid ambiguity about the sequence of events.
C
follow a rule that is never broken.
D
make the sentence shorter.
E
fit the rhythm of the sentence better.

StudyBix.com-Q24: Simple Past को Past Perfect में Back-shift करने का विकल्प अक्सर क्यों चुना जाता है?

A
वाक्य को अधिक औपचारिक बनाने के लिए।
B
घटनाओं के क्रम के बारे में अस्पष्टता से बचने के लिए।
C
एक ऐसे नियम का पालन करने के लिए जो कभी नहीं टूटता।
D
वाक्य को छोटा करने के लिए।
E
वाक्य की लय को बेहतर ढंग से फिट करने के लिए।

StudyBix.com-Q24: Simple Pastক Past Perfectলৈ Back-shift কৰাৰ বাছনিটো প্ৰায়ে কিহৰ বাবে কৰা হয়?

A
বাক্যটোক অধিক আনুষ্ঠানিক যেন শুনাবলৈ।
B
ঘটনাৰ ক্ৰম সম্পৰ্কে অস্পষ্টতা পৰিহাৰ কৰিবলৈ।
C
কেতিয়াও ভংগ নোহোৱা এটা নিয়ম অনুসৰণ কৰিবলৈ।
D
বাক্যটো চুটি কৰিবলৈ।
E
বাক্যটোৰ ছন্দৰ সৈতে ভালকৈ মিলাবলৈ।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Back-shifting the simple past to the past perfect ("he walked" -> "he had walked") is particularly useful for clarity. It clearly places the action of the direct speech *before* the action of the reporting verb ("he said"). This removes any potential confusion about when the two past events occurred relative to each other.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) While it can sound more formal, its primary function is clarity, not formality.
C) This rule is flexible; the simple past often remains unchanged.
D) It makes the sentence longer, not shorter.
E) The choice is based on grammatical clarity, not phonetics or rhythm.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Simple Past को Past Perfect में Back-shift करना ("he walked" -> "he had walked") स्पष्टता के लिए विशेष रूप से उपयोगी है। यह स्पष्ट रूप से Direct Speech की क्रिया को Reporting Verb ("he said") की क्रिया से *पहले* रखता है। यह इस बारे में किसी भी संभावित भ्रम को दूर करता है कि दो पिछली घटनाएँ एक-दूसरे के सापेक्ष कब हुईं।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) यद्यपि यह अधिक औपचारिक लग सकता है, इसका प्राथमिक कार्य स्पष्टता है, औपचारिकता नहीं।
C) यह नियम लचीला है; Simple Past अक्सर अपरिवर्तित रहता है।
D) यह वाक्य को लंबा बनाता है, छोटा नहीं।
E) चुनाव व्याकरणिक स्पष्टता पर आधारित है, न कि ध्वन्यात्मकता या लय पर।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Simple Pastক Past Perfectলৈ Back-shift কৰাটো ("he walked" -> "he had walked") স্পষ্টতাৰ বাবে বিশেষভাৱে উপಯುಕ್ತ। ই স্পষ্টকৈ Direct Speechৰ কাৰ্যটোক Reporting Verbৰ কাৰ্যৰ ("he said") *আগতে* স্থাপন কৰে। ই দুটা অতীতৰ ঘটনা ইটোৰ তুলনাত কেতিয়া ঘটিছিল সেই সম্পৰ্কে যিকোনো সম্ভাৱ্য বিভ্ৰান্তি দূৰ কৰে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) যদিও ই অধিক আনুষ্ঠানিক যেন শুনাব পাৰে, ইয়াৰ মূল কাম স্পষ্টতা, আনুষ্ঠানিকতা নহয়।
C) এই নিয়মটো নমনীয়; Simple Past প্ৰায়ে অপৰিৱৰ্তিত থাকে।
D) ই বাক্যটো দীঘল কৰে, চুটি নহয়।
E) বাছনিটো ব্যাকৰণগত স্পষ্টতাৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি কৰা হয়, ধ্বনিবিজ্ঞান বা ছন্দৰ ওপৰত নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q25: What is the correct back-shift for "these" in reported speech?

A
These
B
That
C
Those
D
Them
E
The

StudyBix.com-Q25: Reported Speech में "these" के लिए सही Back-shift क्या है?

A
These
B
That
C
Those
D
Them
E
The

StudyBix.com-Q25: Reported Speechত "these"ৰ বাবে শুদ্ধ Back-shift কি?

A
These
B
That
C
Those
D
Them
E
The

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives are back-shifted to reflect distance in time and space. The plural proximal "these" becomes the plural distal "those". Similarly, the singular proximal "this" becomes the singular distal "that".

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "These" is not back-shifted.
B) "That" is the back-shift for "this".
D) "Them" is an object pronoun, not a demonstrative.
E) "The" is a definite article, not a demonstrative.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Demonstrative Pronouns और Adjectives को समय और स्थान में दूरी को दर्शाने के लिए Back-shift किया जाता है। बहुवचन समीपस्थ "these" बहुवचन दूरस्थ "those" बन जाता है। इसी तरह, एकवचन समीपस्थ "this" एकवचन दूरस्थ "that" बन जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "These" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
B) "That", "this" का Back-shift है।
D) "Them" एक Object Pronoun है, Demonstrative नहीं।
E) "The" एक Definite Article है, Demonstrative नहीं।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Demonstrative Pronoun আৰু Adjectiveবোৰ সময় আৰু স্থানৰ দূৰত্ব প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিবলৈ Back-shift কৰা হয়। Plural Proximal "these" Plural Distal "those" হৈ পৰে। একেদৰে, Singular Proximal "this" Singular Distal "that" হৈ পৰে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "These"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
B) "That" "this"ৰ Back-shift হয়।
D) "Them" এটা Object Pronoun, Demonstrative নহয়।
E) "The" এটা Definite Article, Demonstrative নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q26: The teacher said, "The Second World War ended in 1945." How is this best reported?

A
The teacher said that the Second World War had ended in 1945.
B
The teacher said that the Second World War ended in 1945.
C
The teacher said that the Second World War has ended in 1945.
D
The teacher said that the Second World War would end in 1945.
E
The teacher said that the Second World War was ending in 1945.

StudyBix.com-Q26: The teacher said, "The Second World War ended in 1945." इसे सबसे अच्छे तरीके से कैसे Report किया जाता है?

A
The teacher said that the Second World War had ended in 1945.
B
The teacher said that the Second World War ended in 1945.
C
The teacher said that the Second World War has ended in 1945.
D
The teacher said that the Second World War would end in 1945.
E
The teacher said that the Second World War was ending in 1945.

StudyBix.com-Q26: The teacher said, "The Second World War ended in 1945." ইয়াক কেনেকৈ উত্তমভাৱে Report কৰা যায়?

A
The teacher said that the Second World War had ended in 1945.
B
The teacher said that the Second World War ended in 1945.
C
The teacher said that the Second World War has ended in 1945.
D
The teacher said that the Second World War would end in 1945.
E
The teacher said that the Second World War was ending in 1945.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Although the reporting verb "said" is in the past, the information in the quote is an unchangeable historical fact. In such cases, back-shifting the tense is optional and often avoided for clarity. The simple past "ended" remains as is because the fact it describes is permanently true.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) While grammatically possible, back-shifting to past perfect ("had ended") is unnecessary for a fixed historical fact and can sometimes sound awkward. The simple past is more natural.
C) Present perfect ("has ended") is an incorrect tense.
D) Future in the past ("would end") completely changes the meaning.
E) Past continuous ("was ending") changes the meaning from a completed event to an ongoing one.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: यद्यपि Reporting Verb "said" भूतकाल में है, उद्धरण में दी गई जानकारी एक अपरिवर्तनीय ऐतिहासिक तथ्य है। ऐसे मामलों में, Tense को Back-shift करना वैकल्पिक है और स्पष्टता के लिए अक्सर इससे बचा जाता है। Simple Past "ended" वैसा ही रहता है क्योंकि यह जिस तथ्य का वर्णन करता है वह स्थायी रूप से सत्य है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) यद्यपि व्याकरण की दृष्टि से संभव है, एक निश्चित ऐतिहासिक तथ्य के लिए Past Perfect ("had ended") में Back-shift करना अनावश्यक है और कभी-कभी अजीब लग सकता है। Simple Past अधिक स्वाभाविक है।
C) Present Perfect ("has ended") एक गलत Tense है।
D) अतीत में भविष्य ("would end") अर्थ को पूरी तरह से बदल देता है।
E) Past Continuous ("was ending") अर्थ को एक पूर्ण घटना से एक चल रही घटना में बदल देता है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যদিও Reporting Verb "said" অতীত কালত আছে, উদ্ধৃতিটোৰ তথ্য এক অপৰিৱৰ্তনীয় ঐতিহাসিক সত্য। এনে ক্ষেত্ৰত, Tense Back-shift কৰাটো বৈকল্পিক আৰু স্পষ্টতাৰ বাবে প্ৰায়ে এৰাই চলা হয়। Simple Past "ended" একেই থাকে কাৰণ ই বৰ্ণনা কৰা সত্যটো স্থায়ীভাৱে সত্য।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) যদিও ব্যাকৰণগতভাৱে সম্ভৱ, Past Perfect ("had ended")লৈ Back-shift কৰাটো এটা নিৰ্দিষ্ট ঐতিহাসিক সত্যৰ বাবে অপ্ৰয়োজনীয় আৰু কেতিয়াবা অশোভন যেন শুনাব পাৰে। Simple Past অধিক স্বাভাৱিক।
C) Present Perfect ("has ended") এটা অশুদ্ধ Tense।
D) Pastত Future ("would end")এ অৰ্থ সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে সলনি কৰে।
E) Past Continuous ("was ending")এ অৰ্থটো এটা সম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱা ঘটনাৰ পৰা এটা চলি থকা ঘটনালৈ সলনি কৰে।

StudyBix.com-Q27: "I needn't go to the office today," he said. How is 'needn't' usually reported?

A
He said that he needn't go to the office that day.
B
He said that he didn't have to go to the office that day.
C
He said that he hadn't to go to the office that day.
D
He said that he wouldn't go to the office that day.
E
Both A and B are common.

StudyBix.com-Q27: "I needn't go to the office today," he said. 'Needn't' को आमतौर पर कैसे Report किया जाता है?

A
He said that he needn't go to the office that day.
B
He said that he didn't have to go to the office that day.
C
He said that he hadn't to go to the office that day.
D
He said that he wouldn't go to the office that day.
E
A और B दोनों आम हैं।

StudyBix.com-Q27: "I needn't go to the office today," he said. 'Needn't'ক সাধাৰণতে কেনেকৈ Report কৰা হয়?

A
He said that he needn't go to the office that day.
B
He said that he didn't have to go to the office that day.
C
He said that he hadn't to go to the office that day.
D
He said that he wouldn't go to the office that day.
E
A আৰু B দুয়োটাই সাধাৰণ।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The modal 'needn't' (meaning 'it is not necessary') has two common reported forms. It can remain as 'needn't', or it can be changed to 'didn't have to', which carries the same meaning of a lack of obligation. Both are widely used and accepted.

Why other options are incorrect:

C) "hadn't to go" is grammatically incorrect.
D) "wouldn't go" implies a refusal or prediction, which is a different meaning from a lack of necessity.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Modal 'needn't' (जिसका अर्थ है 'यह आवश्यक नहीं है') के दो सामान्य Reported रूप हैं। यह 'needn't' के रूप में रह सकता है, या इसे 'didn't have to' में बदला जा सकता है, जो दायित्व की कमी का समान अर्थ रखता है। दोनों का व्यापक रूप से उपयोग किया जाता है और स्वीकार किया जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

C) "hadn't to go" व्याकरण की दृष्टि से गलत है।
D) "wouldn't go" का अर्थ इनकार या भविष्यवाणी है, जो आवश्यकता की कमी के अर्थ से अलग है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Modal 'needn't' (যাৰ অৰ্থ 'প্ৰয়োজন নাই')ৰ দুটা সাধাৰণ Reported Form আছে। ই 'needn't' হৈ থাকিব পাৰে, বা ইয়াক 'didn't have to'লৈ সলনি কৰিব পাৰি, যিয়ে বাধ্যবাধকতাৰ অভাৱৰ একেই অৰ্থ বহন কৰে। দুয়োটাই বহুলভাৱে ব্যৱহৃত আৰু গ্ৰহণযোগ্য।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

C) "hadn't to go" ব্যাকৰণগতভাৱে অশুদ্ধ।
D) "wouldn't go"এ অস্বীকাৰ বা ভৱিষ্যদ্বাণী বুজায়, যিটো অপ্ৰয়োজনীয়তাৰ অৰ্থতকৈ বেলেগ।

StudyBix.com-Q28: Direct speech: "Don't make a noise." The reported version is "He told us not to make a noise." The change from "Don't" to "not to" is a key feature of reporting...

A
negative questions.
B
negative statements.
C
negative imperatives.
D
negative exclamations.
E
negative predictions.

StudyBix.com-Q28: Direct Speech: "Don't make a noise." Reported संस्करण है "He told us not to make a noise." "Don't" से "not to" में परिवर्तन किसकी Reporting की एक प्रमुख विशेषता है?

A
नकारात्मक प्रश्न।
B
नकारात्मक कथन।
C
नकारात्मक आदेश।
D
नकारात्मक विस्मयादिबोधक।
E
नकारात्मक भविष्यवाणियाँ।

StudyBix.com-Q28: Direct Speech: "Don't make a noise." Report কৰা সংস্কৰণটো হ'ল "He told us not to make a noise." "Don't"ৰ পৰা "not to"লৈ হোৱা পৰিৱৰ্তনটো কি Report কৰাৰ এটা মূল বৈশিষ্ট্য?

A
ঋণাত্মক প্ৰশ্ন।
B
ঋণাত্মক বাক্য।
C
ঋণাত্মক আদেশ।
D
ঋণাত্মক বিস্ময়সূচক বাক্য।
E
ঋণাত্মক ভৱিষ্যদ্বাণী।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: A negative command or instruction (an imperative) like "Don't do something" is reported by using the structure "not + to-infinitive". The reporting verb is often one like 'told', 'ordered', or 'warned'.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) Negative questions are reported using 'if' or 'whether' (e.g., "He asked if I wasn't going").
B) Negative statements are reported using a 'that' clause with the back-shifted negative verb (e.g., "He said he wasn't going").
D) Negative exclamations would be reported descriptively (e.g., "He exclaimed in frustration...").
E) Negative predictions would use 'wouldn't' (e.g., "He said it wouldn't rain").

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: एक नकारात्मक आदेश या निर्देश (एक imperative) जैसे "Don't do something" को "not + to-infinitive" संरचना का उपयोग करके Report किया जाता है। Reporting Verb अक्सर 'told', 'ordered', या 'warned' जैसा होता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) नकारात्मक प्रश्नों को 'if' या 'whether' का उपयोग करके Report किया जाता है (जैसे, "He asked if I wasn't going")।
B) नकारात्मक कथनों को 'that' clause के साथ Back-shifted नकारात्मक क्रिया का उपयोग करके Report किया जाता है (जैसे, "He said he wasn't going")।
D) नकारात्मक विस्मयादिबोधक को वर्णनात्मक रूप से Report किया जाएगा (जैसे, "He exclaimed in frustration...")।
E) नकारात्मक भविष्यवाणियाँ 'wouldn't' का उपयोग करेंगी (जैसे, "He said it wouldn't rain")।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: এটা ঋণাত্মক আদেশ বা নিৰ্দেশ (এটা Imperative) যেনে "Don't do something"ক "not + to-infinitive" গঠন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Report কৰা হয়। Reporting Verbটো প্ৰায়ে 'told', 'ordered', বা 'warned'ৰ দৰে হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) ঋণাত্মক প্ৰশ্ন 'if' বা 'whether' ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Report কৰা হয় (যেনে, "He asked if I wasn't going")।
B) ঋণাত্মক বাক্য Back-shifted ঋণাত্মক Verbৰ সৈতে 'that' clause ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Report কৰা হয় (যেনে, "He said he wasn't going")।
D) ঋণাত্মক বিস্ময়সূচক বাক্য বৰ্ণনামূলকভাৱে Report কৰা হ'ব (যেনে, "He exclaimed in frustration...")।
E) ঋণাত্মক ভৱিষ্যদ্বাণীয়ে 'wouldn't' ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব (যেনে, "He said it wouldn't rain")।

StudyBix.com-Q29: If a situation described in direct speech is still happening at the time of reporting, which tense is often used in the reported clause?

A
The tense is always back-shifted according to the rule.
B
The original tense from the direct speech is retained.
C
The tense is always changed to the past perfect.
D
The tense is always changed to the present continuous.
E
The tense is always changed to the future simple.

StudyBix.com-Q29: यदि Direct Speech में वर्णित कोई स्थिति Reporting के समय भी चल रही है, तो Reported Clause में अक्सर किस Tense का उपयोग किया जाता है?

A
Tense हमेशा नियम के अनुसार Back-shift किया जाता है।
B
Direct Speech से मूल Tense को बरकरार रखा जाता है।
C
Tense हमेशा Past Perfect में बदल दिया जाता है।
D
Tense हमेशा Present Continuous में बदल दिया जाता है।
E
Tense हमेशा Future Simple में बदल दिया जाता है।

StudyBix.com-Q29: যদি Direct Speechত বৰ্ণনা কৰা এটা পৰিস্থিতি Report কৰাৰ সময়তো চলি থাকে, তেন্তে Reported Clauseত প্ৰায়ে কোনটো Tense ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়?

A
Tenseটো নিয়ম অনুসৰি সদায় Back-shift কৰা হয়।
B
Direct Speechৰ মূল Tenseটোকে ৰখা হয়।
C
Tenseটো সদায় Past Perfectলৈ সলনি কৰা হয়।
D
Tenseটো সদায় Present Continuousলৈ সলনি কৰা হয়।
E
Tenseটো সদায় Future Simpleলৈ সলনি কৰা হয়।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: This is a key exception to the back-shifting rule. If the reporting verb is in the past, but the situation being described is still true or ongoing, the speaker can choose *not* to back-shift the tense. For example, Tom says, "I have a headache." Later, you report: "Tom said he has a headache" (because he still has it). Using "had" would imply the headache is gone.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The rule is flexible in this specific context and is not always applied.
C) Changing to past perfect would be incorrect unless the original was past simple or present perfect and the situation is finished.
D) Changing to present continuous is only correct if the original was also present continuous.
E) Changing to future simple is incorrect.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: यह Back-shifting नियम का एक प्रमुख अपवाद है। यदि Reporting Verb भूतकाल में है, लेकिन वर्णित स्थिति अभी भी सत्य या जारी है, तो वक्ता Tense को Back-shift *न* करने का विकल्प चुन सकता है। उदाहरण के लिए, टॉम कहता है, "I have a headache." बाद में, आप Report करते हैं: "Tom said he has a headache" (क्योंकि उसे अभी भी सिरदर्द है)। "had" का उपयोग करने का अर्थ होगा कि सिरदर्द चला गया है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) नियम इस विशिष्ट संदर्भ में लचीला है और हमेशा लागू नहीं होता है।
C) Past Perfect में बदलना तब तक गलत होगा जब तक कि मूल Past Simple या Present Perfect न हो और स्थिति समाप्त न हो गई हो।
D) Present Continuous में बदलना तभी सही है जब मूल भी Present Continuous हो।
E) Future Simple में बदलना गलत है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: ই Back-shifting নিয়মৰ এটা মূল ব্যতিক্ৰম। যদি Reporting Verbটো অতীত কালত থাকে, কিন্তু বৰ্ণনা কৰা পৰিস্থিতিটো এতিয়াও সত্য বা চলি আছে, তেন্তে বক্তাই Tense Back-shift নকৰিবলৈ বাছি ল'ব পাৰে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, টমে কয়, "I have a headache." পিছত, আপুনি Report কৰে: "Tom said he has a headache" (কাৰণ তাৰ মূৰৰ বিষটো এতিয়াও আছে)। "had" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলে মূৰৰ বিষটো নাইকিয়া হোৱা বুজাব।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) এই নিৰ্দিষ্ট ಸಂದৰ্ভত নিয়মটো নমনীয় আৰু সদায় প্ৰয়োগ কৰা নহয়।
C) Past Perfectলৈ সলনি কৰাটো অশুদ্ধ হ'ব, যদিহে মূলটো Past Simple বা Present Perfect নাছিল আৰু পৰিস্থিতিটো শেষ হৈ গৈছে।
D) Present Continuousলৈ সলনি কৰাটো কেৱল তেতিয়াহে শুদ্ধ হ'ব যদিহে মূলটোও Present Continuous আছিল।
E) Future Simpleলৈ সলনি কৰাটো অশুদ্ধ।

StudyBix.com-Q30: "I might see you later," she said. The reported speech is "She said she might see me later." Why does 'might' not change?

A
Because 'might' has no past form.
B
Because 'might' is already a back-shifted form.
C
Because the action is in the future.
D
Because 'might' is an exception for universal truths.
E
Because it is a weak possibility.

StudyBix.com-Q30: "I might see you later," she said. Reported Speech है "She said she might see me later." 'Might' क्यों नहीं बदलता है?

A
क्योंकि 'might' का कोई Past Form नहीं होता है।
B
क्योंकि 'might' पहले से ही एक Back-shifted Form है।
C
क्योंकि क्रिया भविष्य में है।
D
क्योंकि 'might' सार्वभौमिक सत्य के लिए एक अपवाद है।
E
क्योंकि यह एक कमजोर संभावना है।

StudyBix.com-Q30: "I might see you later," she said. Report কৰা বাক্যটো হ'ল "She said she might see me later." 'Might' কিয় সলনি নহয়?

A
কাৰণ 'might'ৰ কোনো Past Form নাই।
B
কাৰণ 'might' ইতিমধ্যে এটা Back-shifted Form।
C
কাৰণ কাৰ্যটো ভৱিষ্যতে হ'ব।
D
কাৰণ 'might' চিৰন্তন সত্যৰ বাবে এটা ব্যতিক্ৰম।
E
কাৰণ ই এটা দুৰ্বল সম্ভাৱনা।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Modals like 'might', 'could', 'would', and 'should' are considered to be the "past" or "back-shifted" forms of 'may', 'can', 'will', and 'shall' respectively. Since they are already in a back-shifted state, they do not change further in reported speech.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) While it has no distinct past tense inflection, the reason it doesn't change is because it's already considered a "past" modal form in this context.
C) The tense of the action (future) does not prevent other modals like 'will' from being back-shifted.
D) The statement is a personal possibility, not a universal truth.
E) The degree of possibility does not affect the grammatical rule of back-shifting.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: 'Might', 'could', 'would', और 'should' जैसे Modals को क्रमशः 'may', 'can', 'will', और 'shall' के "past" या "back-shifted" रूप माना जाता है। चूंकि वे पहले से ही एक Back-shifted स्थिति में हैं, इसलिए वे Reported Speech में और नहीं बदलते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) जबकि इसका कोई अलग Past Tense रूप नहीं है, इसके न बदलने का कारण यह है कि इसे इस संदर्भ में पहले से ही एक "past" modal रूप माना जाता है।
C) क्रिया का Tense (भविष्य) 'will' जैसे अन्य Modals को Back-shifted होने से नहीं रोकता है।
D) यह कथन एक व्यक्तिगत संभावना है, सार्वभौमिक सत्य नहीं।
E) संभावना की डिग्री Back-shifting के व्याकरणिक नियम को प्रभावित नहीं करती है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: 'Might', 'could', 'would', আৰু 'should'ৰ দৰে Modalবোৰক ক্ৰমে 'may', 'can', 'will', আৰু 'shall'ৰ "past" বা "back-shifted" Form বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। যিহেতু সেইবোৰ ইতিমধ্যে এটা Back-shifted অৱস্থাত আছে, Reported Speechত সেইবোৰ আৰু সলনি নহয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) যদিও ইয়াৰ কোনো স্পষ্ট Past Tenseৰ ৰূপ নাই, ই সলনি নোহোৱাৰ কাৰণ হ'ল ইয়াক ইতিমধ্যে এই ಸಂದৰ্ভত এটা "past" modal form বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়।
C) কাৰ্যৰ Tense (ভৱিষ্যত) 'will'ৰ দৰে অন্য Modalক Back-shift হোৱাত বাধা নিদিয়ে।
D) বাক্যটো এটা ব্যক্তিগত সম্ভাৱনা, চিৰন্তন সত্য নহয়।
E) সম্ভাৱনাৰ মাত্ৰাই Back-shiftingৰ ব্যাকৰণগত নিয়মক প্ৰভাৱিত নকৰে।

StudyBix.com-Q31: The rule of back-shifting is also known as...

A
The sequence of pronouns.
B
The sequence of tenses.
C
The sequence of adverbs.
D
The sequence of agreement.
E
The sequence of modals.

StudyBix.com-Q31: Back-shifting के नियम को इस नाम से भी जाना जाता है...

A
सर्वनामों का अनुक्रम (The sequence of pronouns).
B
कालों का अनुक्रम (The sequence of tenses).
C
क्रियाविशेषणों का अनुक्रम (The sequence of adverbs).
D
समझौते का अनुक्रम (The sequence of agreement).
E
मोडल्स का अनुक्रम (The sequence of modals).

StudyBix.com-Q31: Back-shiftingৰ নিয়মটোক কি বুলিও জনা যায়?

A
Sequence of pronouns.
B
Sequence of tenses.
C
Sequence of adverbs.
D
Sequence of agreement.
E
Sequence of modals.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: "Sequence of tenses" is the formal grammatical term for the set of rules that governs how tenses in subordinate clauses (like those in reported speech) relate to the tense of the main clause's verb (the reporting verb). Back-shifting is the primary mechanism of this sequence when the main verb is in the past.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) This refers to changing pronouns like 'I' to 'he/she'.
C) This refers to changing adverbs like 'here' to 'there' and 'now' to 'then'.
D) Agreement refers to subject-verb agreement, which is a different concept.
E) This is too specific; sequence of tenses covers all verb forms, not just modals.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: "Sequence of tenses" उन नियमों के समूह के लिए औपचारिक व्याकरणिक शब्द है जो यह नियंत्रित करता है कि अधीनस्थ खंडों में काल (जैसे कि Reported Speech में) मुख्य खंड की क्रिया (Reporting Verb) के काल से कैसे संबंधित हैं। जब मुख्य क्रिया भूतकाल में होती है, तो Back-shifting इस अनुक्रम का प्राथमिक तंत्र है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) यह 'I' को 'he/she' में बदलने जैसे सर्वनामों को बदलने को संदर्भित करता है।
C) यह 'here' को 'there' और 'now' को 'then' में बदलने जैसे क्रियाविशेषणों को बदलने को संदर्भित करता है।
D) Agreement, subject-verb agreement को संदर्भित करता है, जो एक अलग अवधारणा है।
E) यह बहुत विशिष्ट है; कालों का अनुक्रम सभी क्रिया रूपों को कवर करता है, न कि केवल मोडल्स को।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: "Sequence of tenses" হৈছে সেই নিয়মৰ সমষ্টিৰ বাবে আনুষ্ঠানিক ব্যাকৰণগত শব্দ যিটোৱে নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰে যে কেনেকৈ উপবাক্যৰ (যেনে Reported Speechত থকা) Tenseবোৰ মূল বাক্যৰ ক্ৰিয়াৰ (Reporting Verb) Tenseৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কিত। যেতিয়া মূল ক্ৰিয়া অতীত কালত থাকে, তেতিয়া Back-shifting এই ক্ৰমৰ প্ৰাথমিক ব্যৱস্থা।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) ই 'I'ক 'he/she'লৈ সলনি কৰাৰ দৰে সৰ্বনাম সলনি কৰাক বুজায়।
C) ই 'here'ক 'there'লৈ আৰু 'now'ক 'then'লৈ সলনি কৰাৰ দৰে ক্ৰিয়া-বিশেষণ সলনি কৰাক বুজায়।
D) Agreementএ Subject-verb agreementক বুজায়, যিটো এটা বেলেগ ধাৰণা।
E) ই অতি নিৰ্দিষ্ট; Sequence of tensesএ কেৱল Modal নহয়, সকলো ক্ৰিয়াৰ ৰূপ সামৰি লয়।

StudyBix.com-Q32: Direct: "I was sleeping when you called." Reported correctly, this becomes:

A
He said he was sleeping when I called.
B
He said he had been sleeping when I had called.
C
He said he had been sleeping when I called.
D
He said he was sleeping when I had called.
E
He said he has been sleeping when I called.

StudyBix.com-Q32: Direct: "I was sleeping when you called." इसे सही ढंग से Report करने पर यह बन जाता है:

A
He said he was sleeping when I called.
B
He said he had been sleeping when I had called.
C
He said he had been sleeping when I called.
D
He said he was sleeping when I had called.
E
He said he has been sleeping when I called.

StudyBix.com-Q32: Direct: "I was sleeping when you called." ইয়াক শুদ্ধকৈ Report কৰিলে হ'ব:

A
He said he was sleeping when I called.
B
He said he had been sleeping when I had called.
C
He said he had been sleeping when I called.
D
He said he was sleeping when I had called.
E
He said he has been sleeping when I called.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The main action in the direct speech is in the past continuous ("was sleeping"). This back-shifts to the past perfect continuous ("had been sleeping"). The verb in the subordinate time clause ("when you called"), which is in the simple past, often remains unchanged to preserve the time relationship between the two actions.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The main verb "was sleeping" has not been back-shifted.
B) Back-shifting the verb in the 'when' clause ("had called") is usually unnecessary and can make the sentence sound clumsy. The simple past is preferred for clarity.
D) The main verb "was sleeping" has not been back-shifted.
E) "has been sleeping" is the present perfect continuous, which is an incorrect tense shift.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Direct Speech में मुख्य क्रिया Past Continuous ("was sleeping") में है। यह Past Perfect Continuous ("had been sleeping") में Back-shift हो जाती है। अधीनस्थ समय खंड ("when you called") में क्रिया, जो Simple Past में है, अक्सर दोनों क्रियाओं के बीच समय संबंध को बनाए रखने के लिए अपरिवर्तित रहती है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) मुख्य क्रिया "was sleeping" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
B) 'when' खंड में क्रिया ("had called") को Back-shift करना आमतौर पर अनावश्यक होता है और वाक्य को अटपटा बना सकता है। स्पष्टता के लिए Simple Past को प्राथमिकता दी जाती है।
D) मुख्य क्रिया "was sleeping" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
E) "has been sleeping" Present Perfect Continuous है, जो एक गलत Tense परिवर्तन है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Direct Speechৰ মূল কাৰ্যটো Past Continuous ("was sleeping")ত আছে। ই Past Perfect Continuous ("had been sleeping")লৈ Back-shift হয়। উপবাক্যৰ সময়সূচক Clause ("when you called")ৰ ক্ৰিয়া, যিটো Simple Pastত আছে, দুটা কাৰ্যৰ মাজৰ সময়ৰ সম্পৰ্ক বজাই ৰাখিবলৈ প্ৰায়ে অপৰিৱৰ্তিত থাকে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) মূল ক্ৰিয়া "was sleeping"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
B) 'when' clauseৰ ক্ৰিয়া ("had called")ক Back-shift কৰাটো সাধাৰণতে অপ্ৰয়োজনীয় আৰু বাক্যটো অশোভন যেন শুনাব পাৰে। স্পষ্টতাৰ বাবে Simple Past পছন্দ কৰা হয়।
D) মূল ক্ৰিয়া "was sleeping"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
E) "has been sleeping" Present Perfect Continuous হয়, যিটো এটা অশুদ্ধ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।

StudyBix.com-Q33: If the reporting verb is in the future tense (e.g., "He will say..."), what happens to the tense in the reported clause?

A
It is always back-shifted to a past tense.
B
It does not change.
C
It is always changed to a future tense.
D
It is changed to the past perfect.
E
It is changed to the present continuous.

StudyBix.com-Q33: यदि Reporting Verb Future Tense में है (जैसे, "He will say..."), तो Reported Clause में Tense का क्या होता है?

A
यह हमेशा Past Tense में Back-shift होता है।
B
यह नहीं बदलता है।
C
यह हमेशा Future Tense में बदल जाता है।
D
यह Past Perfect में बदल जाता है।
E
यह Present Continuous में बदल जाता है।

StudyBix.com-Q33: যদি Reporting Verbটো Future Tenseত থাকে (যেনে, "He will say..."), তেন্তে Reported Clauseৰ Tenseৰ কি হয়?

A
ই সদায় Past Tenseলৈ Back-shift হয়।
B
ই সলনি নহয়।
C
ই সদায় Future Tenseলৈ সলনি হয়।
D
ই Past Perfectলৈ সলনি হয়।
E
ই Present Continuousলৈ সলনি হয়।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The rule of back-shifting only applies when the reporting verb is in the past tense. If the reporting verb is in the present ("he says") or future ("he will say"), the tense of the direct speech is kept the same in the reported speech. For example, Direct: "I am ready." Reported: "He will say that he is ready."

Why other options are incorrect:

A) Back-shifting is only for past reporting verbs.
C) The tense is retained, not necessarily changed to a future one. If the original is present, it stays present.
D) Past perfect is an incorrect shift.
E) Present continuous is an incorrect shift unless it was the original tense.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Back-shifting का नियम केवल तभी लागू होता है जब Reporting Verb भूतकाल में हो। यदि Reporting Verb वर्तमान ("he says") या भविष्य ("he will say") में है, तो Direct Speech का Tense Reported Speech में वही रहता है। उदाहरण के लिए, Direct: "I am ready." Reported: "He will say that he is ready."

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Back-shifting केवल Past Reporting Verbs के लिए है।
C) Tense को बरकरार रखा जाता है, जरूरी नहीं कि उसे भविष्य में बदल दिया जाए। यदि मूल वर्तमान है, तो वह वर्तमान रहता है।
D) Past Perfect एक गलत परिवर्तन है।
E) Present Continuous एक गलत परिवर्तन है, जब तक कि यह मूल Tense न हो।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Back-shiftingৰ নিয়ম কেৱল তেতিয়াহে প্ৰযোজ্য হয় যেতিয়া Reporting Verbটো Past Tenseত থাকে। যদি Reporting Verbটো Present ("he says") বা Future ("he will say")ত থাকে, তেন্তে Direct Speechৰ Tense Reported Speechত একেই ৰখা হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, Direct: "I am ready." Reported: "He will say that he is ready."

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Back-shifting কেৱল Past Reporting Verbৰ বাবে হয়।
C) Tenseটো একেই ৰখা হয়, ভৱিষ্যতলৈ সলনি কৰাটো বাধ্যতামূলক নহয়। যদি মূলটো বৰ্তমানত থাকে, ই বৰ্তমানতে থাকে।
D) Past Perfect এটা অশুদ্ধ পৰিৱৰ্তন।
E) Present Continuous এটা অশুদ্ধ পৰিৱৰ্তন, যদিহে ই মূল Tense নাছিল।

StudyBix.com-Q34: Direct speech: "This is my house." Which reported version is correct?

A
She said this was her house.
B
She said that was her house.
C
She said that is her house.
D
She said this is her house.
E
She said those were her houses.

StudyBix.com-Q34: Direct Speech: "This is my house." कौन सा Reported संस्करण सही है?

A
She said this was her house.
B
She said that was her house.
C
She said that is her house.
D
She said this is her house.
E
She said those were her houses.

StudyBix.com-Q34: Direct Speech: "This is my house." কোনটো Report কৰা সংস্কৰণ শুদ্ধ?

A
She said this was her house.
B
She said that was her house.
C
She said that is her house.
D
She said this is her house.
E
She said those were her houses.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Two changes are required. The present simple "is" back-shifts to the past simple "was". The demonstrative "this" (referring to something near the speaker at that time) back-shifts to "that" (referring to something distant from the current perspective).

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The demonstrative "this" has not been back-shifted.
C) The verb "is" has not been back-shifted.
D) Neither the verb nor the demonstrative has been back-shifted.
E) "those" and "houses" are plural, which is incorrect for the singular subject.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: दो परिवर्तनों की आवश्यकता है। Present Simple "is", Past Simple "was" में Back-shift हो जाता है। Demonstrative "this" (उस समय वक्ता के पास किसी चीज़ का जिक्र करते हुए) "that" में Back-shift हो जाता है (वर्तमान परिप्रेक्ष्य से दूर किसी चीज़ का जिक्र करते हुए)।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Demonstrative "this" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
C) क्रिया "is" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
D) न तो क्रिया और न ही Demonstrative को Back-shift किया गया है।
E) "those" और "houses" बहुवचन हैं, जो एकवचन विषय के लिए गलत है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: দুটা পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ প্ৰয়োজন। Present Simple "is" Past Simple "was"লৈ Back-shift হয়। Demonstrative "this" (সেই সময়ত বক্তাৰ ওচৰত থকা কিবা এটা বুজাবলৈ) "that" (বৰ্তমানৰ দৃষ্টিভংগীৰ পৰা দূৰত থকা কিবা এটা বুজাবলৈ)লৈ Back-shift হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Demonstrative "this"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
C) ক্ৰিয়া "is"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
D) ক্ৰিয়া বা Demonstrative কোনোটোকে Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
E) "those" আৰু "houses" বহুবচন, যিটো একবচন Subjectৰ বাবে অশুদ্ধ।

StudyBix.com-Q35: "I ought to call my parents," she said. What is the correct reported form?

A
She said she had ought to call her parents.
B
She said she ought to have called her parents.
C
She said she ought to call her parents.
D
She said she had to call her parents.
E
She said she should have called her parents.

StudyBix.com-Q35: "I ought to call my parents," she said. सही Reported Form क्या है?

A
She said she had ought to call her parents.
B
She said she ought to have called her parents.
C
She said she ought to call her parents.
D
She said she had to call her parents.
E
She said she should have called her parents.

StudyBix.com-Q35: "I ought to call my parents," she said. শুদ্ধ Reported Form কি?

A
She said she had ought to call her parents.
B
She said she ought to have called her parents.
C
She said she ought to call her parents.
D
She said she had to call her parents.
E
She said she should have called her parents.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The modal verb 'ought to' is one of the modals that does not change in reported speech. It expresses a sense of duty or moral obligation and retains its form when back-shifted.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "had ought to" is grammatically incorrect.
B) "ought to have called" changes the meaning to a past regret, implying she didn't call.
D) While 'had to' is a common back-shift for 'must', 'ought to' is usually kept as it is.
E) "should have called" also implies a past regret, which changes the original meaning.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Modal Verb 'ought to' उन Modals में से एक है जो Reported Speech में नहीं बदलता है। यह कर्तव्य या नैतिक दायित्व की भावना व्यक्त करता है और Back-shift होने पर अपने रूप को बनाए रखता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "had ought to" व्याकरण की दृष्टि से गलत है।
B) "ought to have called" अर्थ को अतीत के पछतावे में बदल देता है, जिसका अर्थ है कि उसने फोन नहीं किया।
D) जबकि 'had to', 'must' के लिए एक आम Back-shift है, 'ought to' को आमतौर पर वैसे ही रखा जाता है।
E) "should have called" का भी अर्थ अतीत का पछतावा है, जो मूल अर्थ को बदल देता है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Modal Verb 'ought to' সেই Modalবোৰৰ ভিতৰত এটা যি Reported Speechত সলনি নহয়। ই কৰ্তব্য বা নৈতিক দায়িত্বৰ ভাৱ প্ৰকাশ কৰে আৰু Back-shift কৰাৰ সময়ত নিজৰ ৰূপটো বজাই ৰাখে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "had ought to" ব্যাকৰণগতভাৱে অশুদ্ধ।
B) "ought to have called"এ অৰ্থ সলনি কৰি অতীতৰ অনুশোচনালৈ লৈ যায়, যাৰ অৰ্থ হ'ব যে তাই ফোন কৰা নাছিল।
D) যদিও 'had to' 'must'ৰ বাবে এটা সাধাৰণ Back-shift, 'ought to'ক সাধাৰণতে একেই ৰখা হয়।
E) "should have called"এও অতীতৰ অনুশোচনা বুজায়, যিয়ে মূল অৰ্থ সলনি কৰে।

StudyBix.com-Q36: Why is there no tense back-shift in the sentence: "He told me that his name is John"?

A
Because "told" is a weak reporting verb.
B
Because names are proper nouns.
C
Because the statement is a fact that is still true.
D
Because the sentence is too short.
E
Because "John" is a common name.

StudyBix.com-Q36: "He told me that his name is John" वाक्य में Tense Back-shift क्यों नहीं है?

A
क्योंकि "told" एक कमजोर Reporting Verb है।
B
क्योंकि नाम Proper Nouns हैं।
C
क्योंकि यह कथन एक तथ्य है जो अभी भी सत्य है।
D
क्योंकि वाक्य बहुत छोटा है।
E
क्योंकि "John" एक आम नाम है।

StudyBix.com-Q36: "He told me that his name is John" বাক্যটোত Tense Back-shift কিয় হোৱা নাই?

A
কাৰণ "told" এটা দুৰ্বল Reporting Verb।
B
কাৰণ নামবোৰ Proper Noun।
C
কাৰণ বাক্যটো এটা সত্য যিটো এতিয়াও সঁচা।
D
কাৰণ বাক্যটো অতি চুটি।
E
কাৰণ "John" এটা সাধাৰণ নাম।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: This is another example of an exception to back-shifting. A person's name is a fact that is permanently true (or at least true at the time of reporting). Therefore, even though the reporting verb "told" is in the past, the verb "is" does not need to be back-shifted to "was" because his name is still John.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The "strength" of the reporting verb is irrelevant to the rule.
B) The fact that it's a proper noun is not the grammatical reason; the reason is that the fact it represents is still true.
D) Sentence length has no impact on the rule.
E) The commonality of the name is irrelevant.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: यह Back-shifting के अपवाद का एक और उदाहरण है। किसी व्यक्ति का नाम एक ऐसा तथ्य है जो स्थायी रूप से सत्य है (या कम से कम Reporting के समय सत्य है)। इसलिए, भले ही Reporting Verb "told" भूतकाल में हो, क्रिया "is" को "was" में Back-shift करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है क्योंकि उसका नाम अभी भी जॉन है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Reporting Verb की "शक्ति" नियम के लिए अप्रासंगिक है।
B) यह तथ्य कि यह एक Proper Noun है, व्याकरणिक कारण नहीं है; कारण यह है कि यह जिस तथ्य का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है वह अभी भी सत्य है।
D) वाक्य की लंबाई का नियम पर कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता है।
E) नाम की समानता अप्रासंगिक है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: ই Back-shiftingৰ ব্যতিক্ৰমৰ আন এটা উদাহৰণ। এজন ব্যক্তিৰ নাম এটা সত্য যিটো স্থায়ীভাৱে সঁচা (বা কমেও Report কৰাৰ সময়ত সঁচা)। সেয়েহে, যদিও Reporting Verb "told" অতীত কালত আছে, ক্ৰিয়া "is"ক "was"লৈ Back-shift কৰাৰ প্ৰয়োজন নাই কাৰণ তাৰ নাম এতিয়াও জন।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Reporting Verbৰ "শক্তি" নিয়মটোৰ বাবে অপ্ৰাসংগিক।
B) ই এটা Proper Noun হোৱাটো ব্যাকৰণগত কাৰণ নহয়; কাৰণটো হ'ল ই প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰা সত্যটো এতিয়াও সঁচা।
D) বাক্যৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্যই নিয়মটোৰ ওপৰত কোনো প্ৰভাৱ নেপেলায়।
E) নামটোৰ সাধাৰণতা অপ্ৰাসংগিক।

StudyBix.com-Q37: "The train leaves at 5 PM," she said. If this is a fixed schedule, how can it be reported?

A
She said the train had left at 5 PM.
B
She said the train would leave at 5 PM.
C
She said the train leaves at 5 PM.
D
She said the train was leaving at 5 PM.
E
She said the train left at 5 PM.

StudyBix.com-Q37: "The train leaves at 5 PM," she said. यदि यह एक निश्चित समय-सारणी है, तो इसे कैसे Report किया जा सकता है?

A
She said the train had left at 5 PM.
B
She said the train would leave at 5 PM.
C
She said the train leaves at 5 PM.
D
She said the train was leaving at 5 PM.
E
She said the train left at 5 PM.

StudyBix.com-Q37: "The train leaves at 5 PM," she said. যদি ই এটা নিৰ্দিষ্ট সময়সূচী হয়, ইয়াক কেনেকৈ Report কৰিব পাৰি?

A
She said the train had left at 5 PM.
B
She said the train would leave at 5 PM.
C
She said the train leaves at 5 PM.
D
She said the train was leaving at 5 PM.
E
She said the train left at 5 PM.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Statements about fixed schedules, timetables, or future events that are unchangeable facts are often treated like universal truths. The tense is not back-shifted because the schedule is still valid. The present simple tense used for future schedules is retained.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "had left" (past perfect) implies the train departed in the past, changing the meaning.
B) "would leave" is possible, but retaining the present simple is very common for fixed schedules.
D) "was leaving" (past continuous) changes the tense and meaning.
E) "left" (past simple) is also a valid back-shift, but C is often preferred to emphasize the ongoing validity of the schedule. However, C is the best answer as it shows the exception clearly.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: निश्चित समय-सारणी, टाइमटेबल, या भविष्य की घटनाओं के बारे में बयान जो अपरिवर्तनीय तथ्य हैं, उन्हें अक्सर सार्वभौमिक सत्य की तरह माना जाता है। Tense को Back-shift नहीं किया जाता है क्योंकि समय-सारणी अभी भी मान्य है। भविष्य की समय-सारणी के लिए उपयोग किए जाने वाले Present Simple Tense को बरकरार रखा जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "had left" (Past Perfect) का अर्थ है कि ट्रेन अतीत में रवाना हुई थी, जिससे अर्थ बदल जाता है।
B) "would leave" संभव है, लेकिन निश्चित समय-सारणी के लिए Present Simple को बनाए रखना बहुत आम है।
D) "was leaving" (Past Continuous) Tense और अर्थ बदल देता है।
E) "left" (Past Simple) भी एक वैध Back-shift है, लेकिन C को अक्सर समय-सारणी की चल रही वैधता पर जोर देने के लिए प्राथमिकता दी जाती है। हालांकि, C सबसे अच्छा उत्तर है क्योंकि यह अपवाद को स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाता है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: নিৰ্দিষ্ট সময়সূচী, টাইমটেবুল, বা অপৰিৱৰ্তনীয় সত্য ভৱিষ্যতৰ ঘটনা সম্পৰ্কে বাক্যবোৰক প্ৰায়ে চিৰন্তন সত্যৰ দৰে গণ্য কৰা হয়। Tenseটো Back-shift কৰা নহয় কাৰণ সময়সূচীটো এতিয়াও বৈধ। ভৱিষ্যতৰ সময়সূচীৰ বাবে ব্যৱহৃত Present Simple Tenseটোকে ৰখা হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "had left" (Past Perfect)এ বুজায় যে ট্ৰেইনখন অতীতত ৰাওনা হৈছিল, যাৰ ফলত অৰ্থ সলনি হয়।
B) "would leave" সম্ভৱ, কিন্তু নিৰ্দিষ্ট সময়সূচীৰ বাবে Present Simple ৰখাটো অতি সাধাৰণ।
D) "was leaving" (Past Continuous)এ Tense আৰু অৰ্থ সলনি কৰে।
E) "left" (Past Simple)ও এটা বৈধ Back-shift, কিন্তু সময়সূচীৰ চলিত বৈধতাৰ ওপৰত জোৰ দিবলৈ Cক প্ৰায়ে পছন্দ কৰা হয়। তথাপি, C উত্তম উত্তৰ কাৰণ ই ব্যতিক্ৰমটো স্পষ্টকৈ দেখুৱায়।

StudyBix.com-Q38: The adverb "ago" in direct speech changes to what in reported speech?

A
Before
B
After
C
Later
D
Since
E
Then

StudyBix.com-Q38: Direct Speech में क्रियाविशेषण "ago" Reported Speech में किसमें बदल जाता है?

A
Before
B
After
C
Later
D
Since
E
Then

StudyBix.com-Q38: Direct Speechত "ago" Adverbটো Reported Speechত কিহলৈ সলনি হয়?

A
Before
B
After
C
Later
D
Since
E
Then

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The time marker "ago" is used to count back from the present moment (e.g., "two days ago"). When reported from a past perspective, this changes to "before" or "previously" (e.g., "He said he had seen it two days before").

Why other options are incorrect:

B) "After" has the opposite meaning.
C) "Later" refers to a time following a point, not preceding it.
D) "Since" is used to mark the beginning of a period.
E) "Then" is the back-shift for "now".

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: समय सूचक "ago" का उपयोग वर्तमान क्षण से पीछे गिनने के लिए किया जाता है (जैसे, "two days ago")। जब अतीत के परिप्रेक्ष्य से Report किया जाता है, तो यह "before" या "previously" में बदल जाता है (जैसे, "He said he had seen it two days before")।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

B) "After" का विपरीत अर्थ है।
C) "Later" एक बिंदु के बाद के समय को संदर्भित करता है, उससे पहले के नहीं।
D) "Since" का उपयोग किसी अवधि की शुरुआत को चिह्नित करने के लिए किया जाता है।
E) "Then", "now" का Back-shift है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: সময় সূচক "ago" বৰ্তমান মুহূৰ্তৰ পৰা পিছলৈ গণনা কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয় (যেনে, "two days ago")। যেতিয়া অতীতৰ দৃষ্টিভংগীৰ পৰা Report কৰা হয়, ই "before" বা "previously"লৈ সলনি হয় (যেনে, "He said he had seen it two days before")।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

B) "After"ৰ অৰ্থ বিপৰীত।
C) "Later"এ এটা বিন্দুৰ পিছৰ সময়ক বুজায়, তাৰ আগৰ নহয়।
D) "Since" এটা সময়ৰ আৰম্ভণি চিহ্নিত কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।
E) "Then" "now"ৰ Back-shift হয়।

StudyBix.com-Q39: In reported questions, "Do you like coffee?" becomes "He asked if I liked coffee." The back-shift rule applies to the main verb, and "Do" is...

A
changed to "Did".
B
back-shifted to "Had done".
C
changed to "Was".
D
removed and the main verb is put into the past tense.
E
kept as "Do".

StudyBix.com-Q39: Reported Questions में, "Do you like coffee?" "He asked if I liked coffee." बन जाता है। Back-shift नियम मुख्य क्रिया पर लागू होता है, और "Do" को...

A
"Did" में बदल दिया जाता है।
B
"Had done" में Back-shift किया जाता है।
C
"Was" में बदल दिया जाता है।
D
हटा दिया जाता है और मुख्य क्रिया को Past Tense में डाल दिया जाता है।
E
"Do" के रूप में रखा जाता है।

StudyBix.com-Q39: Reported Questionত, "Do you like coffee?" "He asked if I liked coffee." হৈ পৰে। Back-shift নিয়মটো মূল ক্ৰিয়াপদত প্ৰযোজ্য হয়, আৰু "Do"ক...

A
"Did"লৈ সলনি কৰা হয়।
B
"Had done"লৈ Back-shift কৰা হয়।
C
"Was"লৈ সলনি কৰা হয়।
D
আঁতৰাই দিয়া হয় আৰু মূল ক্ৰিয়াপদক Past Tenseত ৰখা হয়।
E
"Do" হিচাপেই ৰখা হয়।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: In reporting 'yes/no' questions that use auxiliary verbs like 'do', 'does', or 'did', the auxiliary is removed. The main verb of the question ("like") is then back-shifted according to the standard rules (present "like" becomes past "liked"). The question structure is also changed to a statement structure introduced by 'if' or 'whether'.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) 'Did' is not used in the reported statement.
B) This is an incorrect and nonsensical transformation.
C) 'Was' is the verb 'to be', which is irrelevant here.
E) The auxiliary must be removed.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: 'do', 'does', या 'did' जैसी सहायक क्रियाओं का उपयोग करने वाले 'हां/नहीं' प्रश्नों को Report करते समय, सहायक क्रिया को हटा दिया जाता है। प्रश्न की मुख्य क्रिया ("like") को फिर मानक नियमों के अनुसार Back-shift किया जाता है (वर्तमान "like" भूतकाल "liked" बन जाता है)। प्रश्न संरचना को भी 'if' या 'whether' से शुरू होने वाली एक कथन संरचना में बदल दिया जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) 'Did' का उपयोग Reported कथन में नहीं किया जाता है।
B) यह एक गलत और निरर्थक परिवर्तन है।
C) 'Was', क्रिया 'to be' है, जो यहाँ अप्रासंगिक है।
E) सहायक क्रिया को हटाया जाना चाहिए।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: 'do', 'does', বা 'did'ৰ দৰে সহায়ক ক্ৰিয়া ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা 'হয়/নহয়' প্ৰশ্ন Report কৰোঁতে, সহায়ক ক্ৰিয়াটো আঁতৰাই দিয়া হয়। প্ৰশ্নটোৰ মূল ক্ৰিয়া ("like") তাৰ পিছত মানক নিয়ম অনুসৰি Back-shift কৰা হয় (বৰ্তমান "like" অতীত "liked" হৈ পৰে)। প্ৰশ্নৰ গঠনটোও 'if' বা 'whether'ৰ দ্বাৰা আৰম্ভ হোৱা এটা বাক্যৰ গঠনলৈ সলনি কৰা হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) 'Did' Report কৰা বাক্যটোত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা নহয়।
B) ই এটা অশুদ্ধ আৰু অৰ্থহীন ৰূপান্তৰ।
C) 'Was' 'to be' ক্ৰিয়া, যিটো ইয়াত অপ্ৰাসংগিক।
E) সহায়ক ক্ৰিয়াটো আঁতৰাবই লাগিব।

StudyBix.com-Q40: The use of back-shifting is most prominent in...

A
direct speech.
B
indirect speech (reported speech).
C
active voice.
D
passive voice.
E
formal writing.

StudyBix.com-Q40: Back-shifting का उपयोग सबसे प्रमुख रूप से किसमें होता है?

A
Direct speech में।
B
Indirect speech (reported speech) में।
C
Active voice में।
D
Passive voice में।
E
औपचारिक लेखन में।

StudyBix.com-Q40: Back-shiftingৰ ব্যৱহাৰ ক'ত আটাইতকৈ বেছি দেখা যায়?

A
Direct speechত।
B
Indirect speech (reported speech)ত।
C
Active voiceত।
D
Passive voiceত।
E
Formal writingত।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Back-shifting is the specific name for the tense changes that occur when converting direct speech into indirect (or reported) speech, specifically when the reporting verb is in the past tense. It is a defining characteristic of this grammatical transformation.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) Direct speech uses original, un-shifted tenses.
C) Active voice is about the subject performing the action; it's unrelated to back-shifting.
D) Passive voice is about the subject receiving the action; it's also unrelated.
E) While reported speech is common in formal writing, back-shifting itself is a grammatical process, not a style of writing.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Back-shifting उन Tense परिवर्तनों का विशिष्ट नाम है जो Direct Speech को Indirect (या Reported) Speech में परिवर्तित करते समय होते हैं, विशेष रूप से जब Reporting Verb भूतकाल में होता है। यह इस व्याकरणिक परिवर्तन की एक परिभाषित विशेषता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Direct Speech मूल, अपरिवर्तित Tenses का उपयोग करता है।
C) Active Voice में विषय क्रिया करता है; यह Back-shifting से असंबंधित है।
D) Passive Voice में विषय क्रिया प्राप्त करता है; यह भी असंबंधित है।
E) जबकि औपचारिक लेखन में Reported Speech आम है, Back-shifting स्वयं एक व्याकरणिक प्रक्रिया है, न कि लेखन की एक शैली।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Back-shifting হৈছে সেই Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ নিৰ্দিষ্ট নাম যিটো Direct Speechক Indirect (বা Reported) Speechলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰোঁতে ঘটে, বিশেষকৈ যেতিয়া Reporting Verbটো Past Tenseত থাকে। ই এই ব্যাকৰণগত ৰূপান্তৰৰ এটা নিৰ্ণায়ক বৈশিষ্ট্য।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Direct Speechএ মূল, অপৰিৱৰ্তিত Tense ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।
C) Active Voiceত Subjectএ কাৰ্য সম্পাদন কৰে; ই Back-shiftingৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কিত নহয়।
D) Passive Voiceত Subjectএ কাৰ্য গ্ৰহণ কৰে; ইও সম্পৰ্কিত নহয়।
E) যদিও Formal Writingত Reported Speech সাধাৰণ, Back-shifting নিজেই এটা ব্যাকৰণগত প্ৰক্ৰিয়া, লিখাৰ শৈলী নহয়।

StudyBix.com-Q41: Direct speech: "I wish I were rich." How should this subjunctive mood be reported?

A
She said she wishes she was rich.
B
She said she wished she had been rich.
C
She said she wished she were rich.
D
She said she had wished she was rich.
E
She said she wished she could be rich.

StudyBix.com-Q41: Direct Speech: "I wish I were rich." इस Subjunctive Mood को कैसे Report किया जाना चाहिए?

A
She said she wishes she was rich.
B
She said she wished she had been rich.
C
She said she wished she were rich.
D
She said she had wished she was rich.
E
She said she wished she could be rich.

StudyBix.com-Q41: Direct Speech: "I wish I were rich." এই Subjunctive Moodক কেনেকৈ Report কৰিব লাগে?

A
She said she wishes she was rich.
B
She said she wished she had been rich.
C
She said she wished she were rich.
D
She said she had wished she was rich.
E
She said she wished she could be rich.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The subjunctive mood (as in "I wish I were...") expresses a hypothetical situation. The first verb "wish" is back-shifted from present to past ("wished"). However, the subjunctive verb "were" typically remains unchanged in reported speech to preserve the hypothetical meaning.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "wishes" is not back-shifted.
B) "had been" changes the meaning to a wish about a past state, not a present one.
D) "had wished" is a possible but less common back-shift for the reporting verb itself. The key is the subjunctive part.
E) "could be" changes the structure and slightly alters the meaning from a state ('were') to a possibility ('could be').

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Subjunctive Mood (जैसे "I wish I were..." में) एक काल्पनिक स्थिति व्यक्त करता है। पहली क्रिया "wish" को वर्तमान से भूतकाल ("wished") में Back-shift किया जाता है। हालाँकि, Subjunctive क्रिया "were" आमतौर पर Reported Speech में अपरिवर्तित रहती है ताकि काल्पनिक अर्थ को संरक्षित किया जा सके।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "wishes" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
B) "had been" अर्थ को अतीत की स्थिति के बारे में एक इच्छा में बदल देता है, न कि वर्तमान की।
D) "had wished" Reporting Verb के लिए एक संभावित लेकिन कम आम Back-shift है। मुख्य बात Subjunctive हिस्सा है।
E) "could be" संरचना को बदलता है और अर्थ को एक स्थिति ('were') से एक संभावना ('could be') में थोड़ा बदल देता है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Subjunctive Mood ("I wish I were..."ৰ দৰে) এটা কাল্পনিক পৰিস্থিতি প্ৰকাশ কৰে। প্ৰথম ক্ৰিয়া "wish"ক বৰ্তমানৰ পৰা অতীতলৈ ("wished") Back-shift কৰা হয়। কিন্তু, Subjunctive ক্ৰিয়া "were" সাধাৰণতে Reported Speechত অপৰিৱৰ্তিত থাকে যাতে কাল্পনিক অৰ্থটো সংৰক্ষিত হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "wishes"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
B) "had been"এ অৰ্থ সলনি কৰি অতীতৰ এটা অৱস্থাৰ বিষয়ে কামনা কৰা বুজায়, বৰ্তমানৰ নহয়।
D) "had wished" Reporting Verbৰ বাবে এটা সম্ভৱ কিন্তু কম সাধাৰণ Back-shift। মূল কথাটো Subjunctive অংশটো।
E) "could be"এ গঠন সলনি কৰে আৰু অৰ্থটো এটা অৱস্থা ('were')ৰ পৰা এটা সম্ভাৱনা ('could be')লৈ সামান্য সলনি কৰে।

StudyBix.com-Q42: "I had a coffee, and then I went to work." He explained...

A
that he had had a coffee, and then he had gone to work.
B
that he had a coffee, and then he went to work.
C
that he had had a coffee, and then he went to work.
D
Both A and B are acceptable.
E
that he was having a coffee, and then he was going to work.

StudyBix.com-Q42: "I had a coffee, and then I went to work." He explained...

A
that he had had a coffee, and then he had gone to work.
B
that he had a coffee, and then he went to work.
C
that he had had a coffee, and then he went to work.
D
A और B दोनों स्वीकार्य हैं।
E
that he was having a coffee, and then he was going to work.

StudyBix.com-Q42: "I had a coffee, and then I went to work." He explained...

A
that he had had a coffee, and then he had gone to work.
B
that he had a coffee, and then he went to work.
C
that he had had a coffee, and then he went to work.
D
A আৰু B দুয়োটাই গ্ৰহণযোগ্য।
E
that he was having a coffee, and then he was going to work.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The original verbs are in the simple past ("had", "went"). According to the rules, simple past can be back-shifted to past perfect ("had had", "had gone"), as in option A. This is often done to emphasize that these actions happened before the explaining. However, it's also very common, especially when the sequence is clear (thanks to "and then"), to leave the simple past verbs as they are, as in option B.

Why other options are incorrect:

C) This option mixes a back-shifted verb with a non-back-shifted one, which is inconsistent.
E) This changes the tenses to past continuous, altering the meaning from completed actions to ongoing ones.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: मूल क्रियाएं Simple Past में हैं ("had", "went")। नियमों के अनुसार, Simple Past को Past Perfect ("had had", "had gone") में Back-shift किया जा सकता है, जैसा कि विकल्प A में है। यह अक्सर इस बात पर जोर देने के लिए किया जाता है कि ये क्रियाएं समझाने से पहले हुई थीं। हालाँकि, यह भी बहुत आम है, खासकर जब अनुक्रम स्पष्ट हो ("and then" के लिए धन्यवाद), Simple Past क्रियाओं को वैसे ही छोड़ देना, जैसा कि विकल्प B में है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

C) यह विकल्प एक Back-shifted क्रिया को एक Non-back-shifted क्रिया के साथ मिलाता है, जो असंगत है।
E) यह Tenses को Past Continuous में बदल देता है, जिससे अर्थ पूर्ण की गई क्रियाओं से चल रही क्रियाओं में बदल जाता है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: মূল ক্ৰিয়াবোৰ Simple Pastত আছে ("had", "went")। নিয়ম অনুসৰি, Simple Pastক Past Perfect ("had had", "had gone")লৈ Back-shift কৰিব পাৰি, যেনে বিকল্প Aত। এইটো প্ৰায়ে এইটো জোৰ দিবলৈ কৰা হয় যে এই কাৰ্যবোৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰাৰ আগতে ঘটিছিল। কিন্তু, বিশেষকৈ যেতিয়া ক্ৰমটো স্পষ্ট হয় ("and then"ৰ বাবে), Simple Past ক্ৰিয়াবোৰক একেই ৰখাটোও অতি সাধাৰণ, যেনে বিকল্প Bত।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

C) এই বিকল্পটোত এটা Back-shifted ক্ৰিয়াৰ সৈতে এটা Non-back-shifted ক্ৰিয়া মিহলি কৰা হৈছে, যিটো অসামঞ্জস্যপূৰ্ণ।
E) ই Tenseবোৰক Past Continuousলৈ সলনি কৰে, যাৰ ফলত অৰ্থ সম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱা কাৰ্যৰ পৰা চলি থকা কাৰ্যলৈ সলনি হয়।

StudyBix.com-Q43: Which of these would NOT be back-shifted in reported speech?

A
The verb in "I think I'll go."
B
The verb in "The sun is hot."
C
The verb in "I would like some tea."
D
The verb in "I can help you."
E
The verb in "She is arriving now."

StudyBix.com-Q43: इनमें से कौन सा Reported Speech में Back-shift नहीं होगा?

A
"I think I'll go." में क्रिया।
B
"The sun is hot." में क्रिया।
C
"I would like some tea." में क्रिया।
D
"I can help you." में क्रिया।
E
"She is arriving now." में क्रिया।

StudyBix.com-Q43: এইবোৰৰ কোনটো Reported Speechত Back-shift নহ'ব?

A
"I think I'll go."ৰ ক্ৰিয়া।
B
"The sun is hot."ৰ ক্ৰিয়া।
C
"I would like some tea."ৰ ক্ৰিয়া।
D
"I can help you."ৰ ক্ৰিয়া।
E
"She is arriving now."ৰ ক্ৰিয়া।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The modal 'would' in the polite expression "would like" does not change in reported speech. It is considered a fixed phrase. For example, "She said she would like some tea."

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "think" would become "thought" and "I'll" (I will) would become "he/she would".
B) "is" would become "was" (unless treated as a universal truth, but it can be back-shifted).
D) "can" would become "could".
E) "is arriving" would become "was arriving" and "now" would become "then".

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: विनम्र अभिव्यक्ति "would like" में Modal 'would' Reported Speech में नहीं बदलता है। इसे एक निश्चित वाक्यांश माना जाता है। उदाहरण के लिए, "She said she would like some tea."

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "think" "thought" बन जाएगा और "I'll" (I will) "he/she would" बन जाएगा।
B) "is" "was" बन जाएगा (जब तक कि इसे सार्वभौमिक सत्य के रूप में नहीं माना जाता, लेकिन इसे Back-shift किया जा सकता है)।
D) "can" "could" बन जाएगा।
E) "is arriving" "was arriving" बन जाएगा और "now" "then" बन जाएगा।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: নম্ৰ প্ৰকাশ "would like"ত Modal 'would' Reported Speechত সলনি নহয়। ইয়াক এটা নিৰ্দিষ্ট বাক্যাংশ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, "She said she would like some tea."

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "think" "thought" হ'ব আৰু "I'll" (I will) "he/she would" হ'ব।
B) "is" "was" হ'ব (যদিহে ইয়াক চিৰন্তন সত্য বুলি গণ্য কৰা নহয়, কিন্তু ইয়াক Back-shift কৰিব পাৰি)।
D) "can" "could" হ'ব।
E) "is arriving" "was arriving" হ'ব আৰু "now" "then" হ'ব।

StudyBix.com-Q44: "You had better leave now," she advised. The reported version is "She advised me to leave then." What happened to "had better"?

A
It was back-shifted to "had had better".
B
It was changed to "should".
C
It was omitted and its meaning was absorbed into the reporting verb "advised" and the infinitive "to leave".
D
It remained as "had better".
E
It was changed to "must".

StudyBix.com-Q44: "You had better leave now," she advised. Reported संस्करण है "She advised me to leave then." "had better" का क्या हुआ?

A
इसे "had had better" में Back-shift किया गया।
B
इसे "should" में बदल दिया गया।
C
इसे छोड़ दिया गया और इसका अर्थ Reporting Verb "advised" और infinitive "to leave" में समाहित हो गया।
D
यह "had better" के रूप में ही रहा।
E
इसे "must" में बदल दिया गया।

StudyBix.com-Q44: "You had better leave now," she advised. Report কৰা সংস্কৰণটো হ'ল "She advised me to leave then." "had better"ৰ কি হ'ল?

A
ইয়াক "had had better"লৈ Back-shift কৰা হ'ল।
B
ইয়াক "should"লৈ সলনি কৰা হ'ল।
C
ইয়াক বাদ দিয়া হ'ল আৰু ইয়াৰ অৰ্থ Reporting Verb "advised" আৰু Infinitive "to leave"ত সোমাই গ'ল।
D
ই "had better" হৈয়েই থাকিল।
E
ইয়াক "must"লৈ সলনি কৰা হ'ল।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The modal phrase 'had better' is used to give strong advice. When reporting this, it's common to use a reporting verb that carries the meaning of advice (like 'advised', 'urged', 'warned') followed by an infinitive. The modal itself is dropped because its function is now performed by the new sentence structure.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "had had better" is grammatically incorrect.
B) While 'should' is similar in meaning, the typical reporting structure for 'had better' omits it.
D) It is usually omitted rather than retained. Retaining it would lead to an awkward sentence like "She advised me that I had better leave then."
E) 'Must' implies obligation, which is stronger than the advice of 'had better'.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: Modal वाक्यांश 'had better' का उपयोग मजबूत सलाह देने के लिए किया जाता है। इसे Report करते समय, एक Reporting Verb का उपयोग करना आम है जो सलाह का अर्थ रखता है (जैसे 'advised', 'urged', 'warned') और उसके बाद एक infinitive आता है। Modal को स्वयं हटा दिया जाता है क्योंकि इसका कार्य अब नई वाक्य संरचना द्वारा किया जाता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "had had better" व्याकरण की दृष्टि से गलत है।
B) यद्यपि 'should' अर्थ में समान है, 'had better' के लिए विशिष्ट Reporting संरचना इसे छोड़ देती है।
D) इसे आमतौर पर बनाए रखने के बजाय छोड़ दिया जाता है। इसे बनाए रखने से एक अजीब वाक्य बनेगा जैसे "She advised me that I had better leave then."
E) 'Must' का अर्थ दायित्व है, जो 'had better' की सलाह से अधिक मजबूत है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Modal Phrase 'had better' শক্তিশালী পৰামৰ্শ দিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ইয়াক Report কৰোঁতে, পৰামৰ্শৰ অৰ্থ বহন কৰা এটা Reporting Verb (যেনে 'advised', 'urged', 'warned')ৰ পিছত এটা Infinitive ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাটো সাধাৰণ। Modalটো নিজেই বাদ দিয়া হয় কাৰণ ইয়াৰ কাৰ্য এতিয়া নতুন বাক্যৰ গঠনৰ দ্বাৰা সম্পন্ন হয়।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "had had better" ব্যাকৰণগতভাৱে অশুদ্ধ।
B) যদিও 'should' অৰ্থত একেই, 'had better'ৰ বাবে সাধাৰণ Reporting Structureত ইয়াক বাদ দিয়া হয়।
D) ইয়াক সাধাৰণতে বাদ দিয়া হয়, ৰখা নহয়। ৰাখিলে এটা অশোভন বাক্য হ'ব যেনে "She advised me that I had better leave then."
E) 'Must'এ বাধ্যবাধকতা বুজায়, যিটো 'had better'ৰ পৰামৰ্শতকৈ শক্তিশালী।

StudyBix.com-Q45: If the direct speech is about an unreal past condition (Type 3 conditional), how does the tense change?

A
The tenses are back-shifted one step further.
B
The tenses do not change.
C
The past perfect changes to simple past.
D
The 'would have' changes to 'will have'.
E
The entire structure is changed to an imperative.

StudyBix.com-Q45: यदि Direct Speech एक Unreal Past Condition (Type 3 conditional) के बारे में है, तो Tense कैसे बदलता है?

A
Tenses को एक कदम और पीछे Back-shift किया जाता है।
B
Tenses नहीं बदलते हैं।
C
Past Perfect, Simple Past में बदल जाता है।
D
'Would have', 'will have' में बदल जाता है।
E
पूरी संरचना को एक Imperative में बदल दिया जाता है।

StudyBix.com-Q45: যদি Direct Speechটো এটা Unreal Past Condition (Type 3 Conditional)ৰ বিষয়ে হয়, তেন্তে Tense কেনেকৈ সলনি হয়?

A
Tenseবোৰক আৰু এক ধাপ পিছলৈ Back-shift কৰা হয়।
B
Tenseবোৰ সলনি নহয়।
C
Past Perfect Simple Pastলৈ সলনি হয়।
D
'Would have' 'will have'লৈ সলনি হয়।
E
সমগ্ৰ গঠনটো এটা Imperativeলৈ সলনি কৰা হয়।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: A Type 3 conditional sentence (e.g., "If I had known, I would have helped") is already in the most "past" forms possible (past perfect and perfect conditional). These tenses cannot be back-shifted any further. Therefore, the tense structure remains the same in reported speech.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) It's impossible to back-shift these tenses further.
C) This would be an incorrect "forward-shift".
D) This would be an incorrect "forward-shift".
E) Changing it to an imperative would completely destroy the original meaning.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: एक Type 3 conditional वाक्य (जैसे, "If I had known, I would have helped") पहले से ही सबसे "अतीत" रूपों में है (Past Perfect और Perfect Conditional)। इन Tenses को और पीछे Back-shift नहीं किया जा सकता है। इसलिए, Reported Speech में Tense संरचना वही रहती है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) इन Tenses को और पीछे Back-shift करना असंभव है।
C) यह एक गलत "Forward-shift" होगा।
D) यह एक गलत "Forward-shift" होगा।
E) इसे एक Imperative में बदलने से मूल अर्थ पूरी तरह से नष्ट हो जाएगा।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: এটা Type 3 Conditional বাক্য (যেনে, "If I had known, I would have helped") ইতিমধ্যে সম্ভৱপৰ আটাইতকৈ "অতীত" ৰূপত আছে (Past Perfect আৰু Perfect Conditional)। এই Tenseবোৰক আৰু পিছলৈ Back-shift কৰিব নোৱাৰি। সেয়েহে, Reported Speechত Tenseৰ গঠন একেই থাকে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) এই Tenseবোৰক আৰু পিছলৈ Back-shift কৰা অসম্ভৱ।
C) ই এটা অশুদ্ধ "Forward-shift" হ'ব।
D) ই এটা অশুদ্ধ "Forward-shift" হ'ব।
E) ইয়াক Imperativeলৈ সলনি কৰিলে মূল অৰ্থটো সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে নষ্ট হ'ব।

StudyBix.com-Q46: "I am going to Paris tomorrow," she announced. The correct reported form is:

A
She announced that she was going to Paris tomorrow.
B
She announced that she is going to Paris the next day.
C
She announced that she was going to Paris the next day.
D
She announced that she would go to Paris the next day.
E
She announced that she had been going to Paris the next day.

StudyBix.com-Q46: "I am going to Paris tomorrow," she announced. सही Reported रूप है:

A
She announced that she was going to Paris tomorrow.
B
She announced that she is going to Paris the next day.
C
She announced that she was going to Paris the next day.
D
She announced that she would go to Paris the next day.
E
She announced that she had been going to Paris the next day.

StudyBix.com-Q46: "I am going to Paris tomorrow," she announced. শুদ্ধ Report কৰা ৰূপটো হ'ল:

A
She announced that she was going to Paris tomorrow.
B
She announced that she is going to Paris the next day.
C
She announced that she was going to Paris the next day.
D
She announced that she would go to Paris the next day.
E
She announced that she had been going to Paris the next day.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: The "going to" future is back-shifted by changing the verb 'to be'. "am going" becomes "was going". The time adverbial "tomorrow" also needs to be back-shifted to "the next day" or "the following day".

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The time marker "tomorrow" has not been back-shifted.
B) The verb "is" has not been back-shifted.
D) While "would go" can also report a future intention, the direct back-shift of "am going" is "was going".
E) Past perfect continuous is an incorrect tense shift.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: "going to" भविष्य को क्रिया 'to be' को बदलकर Back-shift किया जाता है। "am going" "was going" बन जाता है। समय क्रियाविशेषण "tomorrow" को भी "the next day" या "the following day" में Back-shift करने की आवश्यकता है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) समय सूचक "tomorrow" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
B) क्रिया "is" को Back-shift नहीं किया गया है।
D) यद्यपि "would go" भी भविष्य के इरादे को Report कर सकता है, "am going" का सीधा Back-shift "was going" है।
E) Past Perfect Continuous एक गलत Tense परिवर्तन है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: "going to" futureক 'to be' ক্ৰিয়াটো সলনি কৰি Back-shift কৰা হয়। "am going" "was going" হৈ পৰে। সময়বাচক ক্ৰিয়া-বিশেষণ "tomorrow"কো "the next day" বা "the following day"লৈ Back-shift কৰিব লাগে।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) সময় সূচক "tomorrow"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
B) ক্ৰিয়া "is"ক Back-shift কৰা হোৱা নাই।
D) যদিও "would go"এও এটা ভৱিষ্যতৰ উদ্দেশ্য Report কৰিব পাৰে, "am going"ৰ পোনপটীয়া Back-shift হ'ল "was going"।
E) Past Perfect Continuous এটা অশুদ্ধ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।

StudyBix.com-Q47: In reported speech, changes in pronouns (e.g., I -> he/she) are determined by...

A
the tense of the reporting verb.
B
the adverb of time.
C
the change in perspective between the original speaker and the reporter.
D
the type of sentence (statement, question, command).
E
the length of the sentence.

StudyBix.com-Q47: Reported Speech में, सर्वनामों में परिवर्तन (जैसे, I -> he/she) किसके द्वारा निर्धारित होते हैं?

A
Reporting Verb के Tense द्वारा।
B
समय के क्रियाविशेषण द्वारा।
C
मूल वक्ता और रिपोर्टर के बीच दृष्टिकोण में परिवर्तन द्वारा।
D
वाक्य के प्रकार (कथन, प्रश्न, आदेश) द्वारा।
E
वाक्य की लंबाई द्वारा।

StudyBix.com-Q47: Reported Speechত, Pronounৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন (যেনে, I -> he/she) কিহৰ দ্বাৰা নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হয়?

A
Reporting Verbৰ Tense।
B
সময়ৰ Adverb।
C
মূল বক্তা আৰু Report কৰোঁতাৰ মাজৰ দৃষ্টিভংগীৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।
D
বাক্যৰ প্ৰকাৰ (বাক্য, প্ৰש্ন, আদেশ)।
E
বাক্যৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Pronouns must be changed to reflect who is speaking and who is being spoken about from the reporter's point of view. If John said "I am hungry," the reporter changes 'I' to 'he' to show that they are talking about John, not themselves. This is a fundamental shift in perspective.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) The reporting verb's tense determines the verb tense shift, not the pronoun shift.
B) Adverbs of time are also changed due to perspective, but they don't determine the pronoun changes.
D) The sentence type influences the overall structure but not the basic logic of pronoun changes.
E) Sentence length is irrelevant.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: सर्वनामों को यह दर्शाने के लिए बदलना चाहिए कि रिपोर्टर के दृष्टिकोण से कौन बोल रहा है और किसके बारे में बात की जा रही है। यदि जॉन ने कहा "I am hungry," तो रिपोर्टर 'I' को 'he' में बदल देता है ताकि यह दिखाया जा सके कि वे जॉन के बारे में बात कर रहे हैं, न कि अपने बारे में। यह दृष्टिकोण में एक मौलिक बदलाव है।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) Reporting Verb का Tense, क्रिया के Tense में परिवर्तन को निर्धारित करता है, न कि सर्वनाम में परिवर्तन को।
B) समय के क्रियाविशेषण भी दृष्टिकोण के कारण बदले जाते हैं, लेकिन वे सर्वनाम के परिवर्तनों को निर्धारित नहीं करते हैं।
D) वाक्य का प्रकार समग्र संरचना को प्रभावित करता है लेकिन सर्वनाम परिवर्तनों के मूल तर्क को नहीं।
E) वाक्य की लंबाई अप्रासंगिक है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: Report কৰোঁতাৰ দৃষ্টিকোণৰ পৰা কোনে কৈছে আৰু কাৰ বিষয়ে কোৱা হৈছে, সেইটো প্ৰতিফলিত কৰিবলৈ Pronoun সলনি কৰিব লাগে। যদি জন কৈছিল "I am hungry," তেন্তে Report কৰোঁতাই 'I'ক 'he'লৈ সলনি কৰে, যাতে তেওঁলোকে জনৰ বিষয়ে কথা কৈছে বুলি দেখুৱাব পাৰে, নিজৰ বিষয়ে নহয়। ই দৃষ্টিভংগীৰ এটা মৌলিক পৰিৱৰ্তন।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) Reporting Verbৰ Tenseএ ক্ৰিয়াৰ Tenseৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰে, Pronounৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন নহয়।
B) সময়ৰ Adverbবোৰো দৃষ্টিভংগীৰ বাবে সলনি হয়, কিন্তু সেইবোৰে Pronounৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন নিৰ্ধাৰণ নকৰে।
D) বাক্যৰ প্ৰকাৰে সামগ্ৰিক গঠনক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰে কিন্তু Pronounৰ পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ মূল যুক্তিক নহয়।
E) বাক্যৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য অপ্ৰাসংগিক।

StudyBix.com-Q48: Direct speech: "What a beautiful day!" This exclamation is best reported as:

A
He said what a beautiful day.
B
He exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.
C
He asked what a beautiful day it was.
D
He told that it was a beautiful day.
E
He said to me it was a beautiful day.

StudyBix.com-Q48: Direct Speech: "What a beautiful day!" इस विस्मयादिबोधक को सबसे अच्छे तरीके से कैसे Report किया जाता है?

A
He said what a beautiful day.
B
He exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.
C
He asked what a beautiful day it was.
D
He told that it was a beautiful day.
E
He said to me it was a beautiful day.

StudyBix.com-Q48: Direct Speech: "What a beautiful day!" এই বিস্ময়সূচক বাক্যটোক কেনেকৈ উত্তমভাৱে Report কৰা যায়?

A
He said what a beautiful day.
B
He exclaimed that it was a beautiful day.
C
He asked what a beautiful day it was.
D
He told that it was a beautiful day.
E
He said to me it was a beautiful day.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Exclamations are reported by changing them into assertive sentences and using a reporting verb that conveys the emotion, such as 'exclaimed', 'cried out', or 'shouted'. The phrase "What a..." is converted into a statement: "it was a...".

Why other options are incorrect:

A) This is grammatically incomplete and awkward.
C) "asked" is for questions, not exclamations.
D) "told" requires an object (e.g., "told me").
E) "said to me" is grammatically correct, but "exclaimed" is a much better verb choice to capture the tone of an exclamation.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्यों को Assertive वाक्यों में बदलकर और भावना व्यक्त करने वाले Reporting Verb, जैसे 'exclaimed', 'cried out', या 'shouted' का उपयोग करके Report किया जाता है। वाक्यांश "What a..." को एक कथन में बदल दिया जाता है: "it was a..."।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) यह व्याकरण की दृष्टि से अधूरा और अटपटा है।
C) "asked" प्रश्नों के लिए है, विस्मयादिबोधक के लिए नहीं।
D) "told" के लिए एक object की आवश्यकता होती है (जैसे, "told me")।
E) "said to me" व्याकरण की दृष्टि से सही है, लेकिन विस्मयादिबोधक के लहजे को पकड़ने के लिए "exclaimed" एक बहुत बेहतर क्रिया विकल्प है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: বিস্ময়সূচক বাক্যবোৰক Assertive বাক্যলৈ সলনি কৰি আৰু আবেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰা Reporting Verb, যেনে 'exclaimed', 'cried out', বা 'shouted' ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Report কৰা হয়। "What a..." বাক্যাংশটোক এটা বাক্যলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰা হয়: "it was a..."।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) ই ব্যাকৰণগতভাৱে অসম্পূৰ্ণ আৰু অশোভন।
C) "asked" প্ৰশ্নৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ হয়, বিস্ময়ৰ বাবে নহয়।
D) "told"ৰ বাবে এটা Objectৰ প্ৰয়োজন (যেনে, "told me")।
E) "said to me" ব্যাকৰণগতভাৱে শুদ্ধ, কিন্তু বিস্ময়ৰ সুৰটো ধৰি ৰাখিবলৈ "exclaimed" এটা বহুত ভাল ক্ৰিয়াৰ বাছনি।

StudyBix.com-Q49: The primary reason for back-shifting time and place adverbs (now->then, here->there) is to...

A
make the sentence longer.
B
maintain the temporal and spatial perspective of the reporter.
C
follow a purely arbitrary rule.
D
make the speech more vivid.
E
simplify the sentence structure.

StudyBix.com-Q49: समय और स्थान के क्रियाविशेषणों (now->then, here->there) को Back-shift करने का प्राथमिक कारण है...

A
वाक्य को लंबा बनाना।
B
रिपोर्टर के सामयिक और स्थानिक दृष्टिकोण को बनाए रखना।
C
एक पूरी तरह से मनमाने नियम का पालन करना।
D
भाषण को अधिक जीवंत बनाना।
E
वाक्य संरचना को सरल बनाना।

StudyBix.com-Q49: সময় আৰু স্থানৰ Adverbবোৰ (now->then, here->there) Back-shift কৰাৰ মূল কাৰণ হ'ল...

A
বাক্যটো দীঘল কৰা।
B
Report কৰোঁতাৰ সময় আৰু স্থানৰ দৃষ্টিভংগী বজাই ৰখা।
C
এটা সম্পূৰ্ণ ঐচ্ছিক নিয়ম অনুসৰণ কৰা।
D
কথাবোৰ অধিক স্পষ্ট কৰা।
E
বাক্যৰ গঠন সৰল কৰা।

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: When someone reports what another person said, they are usually in a different place and reporting at a different time. Changing 'here' to 'there' and 'now' to 'then' is essential to shift the perspective away from the original speaker's time/place to the reporter's context, avoiding confusion.

Why other options are incorrect:

A) This is an effect, not a reason.
C) The rule is based on logical consistency, not arbitrary choice.
D) It arguably makes the speech less vivid by adding distance.
E) It adds a layer of complexity rather than simplifying.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: जब कोई व्यक्ति किसी अन्य व्यक्ति द्वारा कही गई बात को Report करता है, तो वे आमतौर पर एक अलग जगह पर होते हैं और एक अलग समय पर Report कर रहे होते हैं। 'here' को 'there' और 'now' को 'then' में बदलना मूल वक्ता के समय/स्थान से रिपोर्टर के संदर्भ में दृष्टिकोण को स्थानांतरित करने के लिए आवश्यक है, ताकि भ्रम से बचा जा सके।

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) यह एक प्रभाव है, कारण नहीं।
C) नियम तार्किक स्थिरता पर आधारित है, मनमाने चुनाव पर नहीं।
D) यह यकीनन दूरी जोड़कर भाषण को कम जीवंत बनाता है।
E) यह सरल बनाने के बजाय जटिलता की एक परत जोड़ता है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: যেতিয়া কোনোবাই আন এজন ব্যক্তিয়ে কোৱা কথা Report কৰে, তেওঁলোক সাধাৰণতে বেলেগ ঠাইত থাকে আৰু বেলেগ সময়ত Report কৰে। 'here'ক 'there'লৈ আৰু 'now'ক 'then'লৈ সলনি কৰাটো মূল বক্তাৰ সময়/স্থানৰ পৰা Report কৰোঁতাৰ ಸಂದৰ্ভলৈ দৃষ্টিভংগী সলনি কৰিবলৈ অপৰিহাৰ্য, যাৰ ফলত বিভ্ৰান্তি এৰাই চলিব পাৰি।

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) ই এটা প্ৰভাৱ, কাৰণ নহয়।
C) নিয়মটো যৌক্তিক সামঞ্জস্যৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি কৰা হৈছে, ঐচ্ছিক বাছনিৰ ওপৰত নহয়।
D) ই দূৰত্ব যোগ দি কথাবোৰক কম স্পষ্ট কৰিব পাৰে।
E) ই সৰল কৰাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে এক স্তৰৰ জটিলতা যোগ দিয়ে।

StudyBix.com-Q50: Direct: "Let's go to the cinema." This suggestion can be reported as:

A
He said to go to the cinema.
B
He suggested that they should go to the cinema.
C
He asked if they go to the cinema.
D
He told them let's go to the cinema.
E
He exclaimed that they are going to the cinema.

StudyBix.com-Q50: Direct: "Let's go to the cinema." इस सुझाव को कैसे Report किया जा सकता है?

A
He said to go to the cinema.
B
He suggested that they should go to the cinema.
C
He asked if they go to the cinema.
D
He told them let's go to the cinema.
E
He exclaimed that they are going to the cinema.

StudyBix.com-Q50: Direct: "Let's go to the cinema." এই পৰামৰ্শটোক কেনেকৈ Report কৰিব পাৰি?

A
He said to go to the cinema.
B
He suggested that they should go to the cinema.
C
He asked if they go to the cinema.
D
He told them let's go to the cinema.
E
He exclaimed that they are going to the cinema.

View AnswerView Explanation

Correct Answer Explanation: Sentences starting with "Let's" express a suggestion. They are reported using the verb 'suggested' followed by a 'that' clause, which often includes 'should'. Another common structure is "He suggested going to the cinema."

Why other options are incorrect:

A) "said to go" is an awkward structure more suited for a command.
C) "asked" changes the suggestion into a question.
D) This is grammatically incorrect as it mixes direct and indirect speech.
E) "exclaimed" is the wrong reporting verb for a simple suggestion.

सही उत्तर की व्याख्या: "Let's" से शुरू होने वाले वाक्य एक सुझाव व्यक्त करते हैं। उन्हें क्रिया 'suggested' के बाद एक 'that' clause का उपयोग करके Report किया जाता है, जिसमें अक्सर 'should' शामिल होता है। एक और आम संरचना है "He suggested going to the cinema."

अन्य विकल्प क्यों गलत हैं:

A) "said to go" एक अजीब संरचना है जो एक आदेश के लिए अधिक उपयुक्त है।
C) "asked" सुझाव को एक प्रश्न में बदल देता है।
D) यह व्याकरण की दृष्टि से गलत है क्योंकि यह Direct और Indirect Speech को मिलाता है।
E) "exclaimed" एक साधारण सुझाव के लिए गलत Reporting Verb है।

সঠিক উত্তৰৰ ব্যাখ্যা: "Let's"ৰে আৰম্ভ হোৱা বাক্যবোৰে এটা পৰামৰ্শ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। সেইবোৰক 'suggested' ক্ৰিয়াৰ পিছত এটা 'that' clause ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি Report কৰা হয়, য'ত প্ৰায়ে 'should' থাকে। আন এটা সাধাৰণ গঠন হ'ল "He suggested going to the cinema."

অন্যান্য বিকল্পবোৰ কিয় অশুদ্ধ:

A) "said to go" এটা অশোভন গঠন যিটো আদেশৰ বাবে অধিক উপযুক্ত।
C) "asked"এ পৰামৰ্শটোক এটা প্ৰש্নলৈ সলনি কৰে।
D) ই ব্যাকৰণগতভাৱে অশুদ্ধ কাৰণ ই Direct আৰু Indirect Speech মিহলি কৰে।
E) "exclaimed" এটা সাধাৰণ পৰামৰ্শৰ বাবে ভুল Reporting Verb।

MCQs of Narration by StudyBix.com are Given Below
S.No.	Exercises	MCQs	View
1	Part - 1	50	View
2	Part - 2	50	View
3	Part - 3	50	View
4	Part - 4	50	View
5	Part - 5	50	View
Total MCQs -		250

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Narration 2

Direction (1-50): In the following questions, identify the correct application of back-shifting rules in Reported Speech. Read each question carefully and select the best option.

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Narration 2

Direction (1-50): In the following questions, identify the correct application of back-shifting rules in Reported Speech. Read each question carefully and select the best option.

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