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Daily Reading 19th March
Monetary Policy vs. Fiscal Policy: The Twin Levers of Economic Management
In the realm of macroeconomic management, nations primarily rely on two powerful levers to steer their economies: Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy. While both aim to achieve economic stability, growth, and low unemployment, they operate through different mechanisms and are controlled by distinct entities. Understanding this dichotomy is crucial for comprehending how governments and central banks respond to economic challenges like recession or high inflation. The effective coordination between these two policies is often the key to sustainable economic health.
Monetary policy falls under the purview of a country's central bank—the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in India's case. Its primary tool is the management of the money supply and credit conditions. The central bank's operational autonomy is considered vital for its credibility. It can implement a contractionary policy to curb inflation by raising interest rates, which makes borrowing more expensive and slows down economic activity. Conversely, during a period of economic stagnation, it can adopt an expansionary policy by lowering interest rates to encourage borrowing and spending. The key advantage of monetary policy is its ability to be implemented relatively quickly.
Fiscal policy, on the other hand, is the exclusive prerogative of the government. It involves the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. To combat a recession, a government might pursue an expansionary fiscal policy by increasing public spending on infrastructure or by cutting taxes to boost consumer demand. In contrast, to control inflation, it might adopt a contractionary policy by reducing spending or increasing taxes. A significant challenge for fiscal policy is the implementation lag; it often takes considerable time for legislative approval and for the effects to be felt in the economy.
Ideally, monetary and fiscal policies should work in tandem to achieve common goals. An incongruous mix—such as an expansionary fiscal policy running parallel to a contractionary monetary policy—can send mixed signals and reduce the overall effectiveness of economic management. The goal is to achieve a synergy where both policies reinforce each other. A pragmatic and judicious coordination between the RBI and the Government of India is therefore essential for navigating economic uncertainties and ensuring long-term prosperity.
मौद्रिक नीति बनाम राजकोषीय नीति: आर्थिक प्रबंधन के दोहरे स्तंभ
मैक्रोइकॉनॉमिक (macroeconomic) प्रबंधन के क्षेत्र में, राष्ट्र मुख्य रूप से अपनी अर्थव्यवस्थाओं को चलाने के लिए दो शक्तिशाली स्तंभों पर निर्भर करते हैं: मौद्रिक नीति और राजकोषीय नीति। जबकि दोनों का लक्ष्य आर्थिक स्थिरता, विकास और कम बेरोजगारी प्राप्त करना है, वे अलग-अलग तंत्रों के माध्यम से काम करते हैं और अलग-अलग संस्थाओं द्वारा नियंत्रित होते हैं। इस द्विभाजन (dichotomy) को समझना मंदी या उच्च मुद्रास्फीति जैसी आर्थिक चुनौतियों का सामना करने के लिए सरकारें और केंद्रीय बैंक कैसे प्रतिक्रिया देते हैं, यह समझने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है। इन दोनों नीतियों के बीच प्रभावी समन्वय अक्सर स्थायी आर्थिक स्वास्थ्य की कुंजी होता है।
मौद्रिक (Monetary) नीति देश के केंद्रीय बैंक—भारत के मामले में भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक (RBI)—के अधिकार-क्षेत्र (purview) में आती है। इसका प्राथमिक उपकरण धन की आपूर्ति और ऋण की शर्तों का प्रबंधन है। केंद्रीय बैंक की परिचालन स्वायत्तता (autonomy) को उसकी विश्वसनीयता के लिए महत्वपूर्ण माना जाता है। यह मुद्रास्फीति को नियंत्रित करने के लिए एक संकुचनकारी (contractionary) नीति लागू कर सकता है, ब्याज दरें बढ़ाकर, जो उधार लेना अधिक महंगा बनाता है और आर्थिक गतिविधि को धीमा कर देता है। इसके विपरीत, आर्थिक ठहराव (stagnation) की अवधि के दौरान, यह उधार और खर्च को प्रोत्साहित करने के लिए ब्याज दरों को कम करके एक विस्तारवादी (expansionary) नीति अपना सकता है। मौद्रिक नीति का मुख्य लाभ इसे अपेक्षाकृत जल्दी लागू करने की क्षमता है।
दूसरी ओर, राजकोषीय (fiscal) नीति सरकार का अनन्य विशेषाधिकार (prerogative) है। इसमें अर्थव्यवस्था को प्रभावित करने के लिए सरकारी खर्च और कराधान का उपयोग शामिल है। मंदी का मुकाबला करने के लिए, एक सरकार बुनियादी ढांचे पर सार्वजनिक खर्च बढ़ाकर या उपभोक्ता मांग को बढ़ावा देने के लिए करों में कटौती करके एक विस्तारवादी राजकोषीय नीति अपना सकती है। इसके विपरीत, मुद्रास्फीति को नियंत्रित करने के लिए, यह खर्च कम करके या कर बढ़ाकर एक संकुचनकारी नीति अपना सकती है। राजकोषीय नीति के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण चुनौती कार्यान्वयन में देरी है; विधायी अनुमोदन और अर्थव्यवस्था में इसके प्रभाव महसूस होने में अक्सर काफी समय लगता है।
आदर्श रूप से, मौद्रिक और राजकोषीय नीतियों को सामान्य लक्ष्यों को प्राप्त करने के लिए एक साथ (tandem) काम करना चाहिए। एक असंगत (incongruous) मिश्रण—जैसे कि एक संकुचनकारी मौद्रिक नीति के समानांतर चल रही एक विस्तारवादी राजकोषीय नीति—मिश्रित संकेत भेज सकता है और आर्थिक प्रबंधन की समग्र प्रभावशीलता को कम कर सकता है। लक्ष्य एक तालमेल (synergy) प्राप्त करना है जहां दोनों नीतियां एक-दूसरे को सुदृढ़ करती हैं। इसलिए, RBI और भारत सरकार के बीच एक व्यावहारिक (pragmatic) और विवेकपूर्ण (judicious) समन्वय आर्थिक अनिश्चितताओं को नेविगेट करने और दीर्घकालिक समृद्धि सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आवश्यक है।
মুদ্ৰা নীতি বনাম ৰাজকোষীয় নীতি: অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থাপনাৰ দ্বৈত আধাৰ
সমষ্টিবাদী অৰ্থনীতি (macroeconomic) ব্যৱস্থাপনাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত, ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহে মূলতঃ নিজৰ অৰ্থনীতিক পথ প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিবলৈ দুটা শক্তিশালী আহিলাৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰে: মুদ্ৰা নীতি আৰু ৰাজকোষীয় নীতি। যদিও দুয়োটাৰে লক্ষ্য অৰ্থনৈতিক সুস্থিৰতা, বিকাশ, আৰু কম নিবনুৱা অৱস্থা প্ৰাপ্ত কৰা, সেইবোৰে ভিন্ন ব্যৱস্থাৰে কাম কৰে আৰু ভিন্ন সংস্থাৰ দ্বাৰা নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত হয়। এই দ্বি-বিভাজন (dichotomy) বুজি পোৱাটো চৰকাৰ আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয় বেংকসমূহে মন্দা বা উচ্চ মুদ্ৰাস্ফীতিৰ দৰে অৰ্থনৈতিক প্ৰত্যাহ্বানৰ প্ৰতি কেনেকৈ সঁহাৰি জনায়, সেয়া বুজিবলৈ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ। এই দুয়োটা নীতিৰ মাজত কাৰ্যকৰী সমন্বয় প্ৰায়ে বহনক্ষম অৰ্থনৈতিক স্বাস্থ্যৰ চাবিকাঠি।
মুদ্ৰা (Monetary) নীতি দেশৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় বেংক—ভাৰতৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ভাৰতীয় ৰিজাৰ্ভ বেংক (RBI)—ৰ পৰিসৰ (purview)ৰ অধীন। ইয়াৰ মূল আহিলা হ'ল মুদ্ৰাৰ যোগান আৰু ঋণৰ চৰ্তসমূহৰ ব্যৱস্থাপনা। কেন্দ্ৰীয় বেংকৰ কাৰ্যকৰী স্বায়ত্তশাসন (autonomy)ক ইয়াৰ বিশ্বাসযোগ্যতাৰ বাবে গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। ই মুদ্ৰাস্ফীতি ৰোধ কৰিবলৈ এক সংকোচনমূলক (contractionary) নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰিব পাৰে, সুতৰ হাৰ বৃদ্ধি কৰি, যাৰ ফলত ঋণ লোৱা অধিক ব্যয়বহুল হয় আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক কাৰ্যকলাপ মন্থৰ হয়। ইয়াৰ বিপৰীতে, অৰ্থনৈতিক স্থবিৰতা (stagnation)ৰ সময়ত, ই ঋণ আৰু ব্যয়ক উৎসাহিত কৰিবলৈ সুতৰ হাৰ হ্ৰাস কৰি এক সম্প্ৰসাৰণমূলক (expansionary) নীতি গ্ৰহণ কৰিব পাৰে। মুদ্ৰা নীতিৰ মূল সুবিধা হ'ল ইয়াক তুলনামূলকভাৱে দ্ৰুতভাৱে ৰূপায়ণ কৰাৰ ক্ষমতা।
আনহাতে, ৰাজকোষীয় (fiscal) নীতি হ'ল চৰকাৰৰ একচেটিয়া বিশেষাধিকাৰ (prerogative)। ইয়াত অৰ্থনীতিক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰিবলৈ চৰকাৰী ব্যয় আৰু কৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। মন্দাৰ সৈতে মোকাবিলা কৰিবলৈ, এখন চৰকাৰে আন্তঃগাঁথনিত ৰাজহুৱা ব্যয় বৃদ্ধি কৰি বা উপভোক্তাৰ চাহিদা বৃদ্ধি কৰিবলৈ কৰ হ্ৰাস কৰি এক সম্প্ৰসাৰণমূলক ৰাজকোষীয় নীতি গ্ৰহণ কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ বিপৰীতে, মুদ্ৰাস্ফীতি নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিবলৈ, ই ব্যয় হ্ৰাস কৰি বা কৰ বৃদ্ধি কৰি এক সংকোচনমূলক নীতি গ্ৰহণ কৰিব পাৰে। ৰাজকোষীয় নীতিৰ বাবে এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰত্যাহ্বান হ'ল ৰূপায়ণত পলম হোৱা; বিধায়িনী অনুমোদন আৰু অৰ্থনীতিত ইয়াৰ প্ৰভাৱ অনুভৱ কৰিবলৈ প্ৰায়ে যথেষ্ট সময় লাগে।
আদৰ্শগতভাৱে, মুদ্ৰা আৰু ৰাজকোষীয় নীতিয়ে উমৈহতীয়া লক্ষ্য প্ৰাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ একেলগে (tandem) কাম কৰিব লাগে। এক অসংলগ্ন (incongruous) মিশ্ৰণ—যেনে এক সংকোচনমূলক মুদ্ৰা নীতিৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে চলি থকা এক সম্প্ৰসাৰণমূলক ৰাজকোষীয় নীতি—ই মিশ্ৰিত সংকেত পঠিয়াব পাৰে আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থাপনাৰ সামগ্ৰিক কাৰ্যকাৰিতা হ্ৰাস কৰিব পাৰে। লক্ষ্য হ'ল এক সমন্বয় (synergy) প্ৰাপ্ত কৰা য'ত দুয়োটা নীতিয়ে ইটোৱে সিটোক শক্তিশালী কৰে। সেয়েহে, RBI আৰু ভাৰত চৰকাৰৰ মাজত এক ব্যৱহাৰিক (pragmatic) আৰু বিবেচনাপূৰ্ণ (judicious) সমন্বয় অৰ্থনৈতিক অনিশ্চয়তাৰ মাজেৰে আগবাঢ়ি যাবলৈ আৰু দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী সমৃদ্ধি নিশ্চিত কৰিবলৈ অপৰিহাৰ্য।
MACROECONOMIC
Meaning in English — Relating to the branch of economics concerned with large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates and national productivity.
Meaning in Hindi — समष्टि-आर्थिक, मैक्रोइकॉनॉमिक।
Meaning in Assamese — সমষ্টিবাদী অৰ্থনীতি, বৃহৎ-অৰ্থনৈতিক।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Macroeconomic (Adjective), Macroeconomics (Noun)
Synonyms — Broad-based, comprehensive, economy-wide, aggregate, large-scale.
Antonyms — Microeconomic, specific, individual, narrow, limited.
Usage in a sentence — Governments use fiscal policy for macroeconomic management.
DICHOTOMY
Meaning in English — A division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.
Meaning in Hindi — द्विभाजन, विरोधाभास, दो भागों में विभाजन।
Meaning in Assamese — দ্বি-বিভাজন, দুটা ভাগত বিভাজন, বৈপৰীত্য।
This Word is an English grammar: Noun
Forms — Dichotomy (Singular), Dichotomies (Plural)
Synonyms — Contrast, division, separation, opposition, contradiction.
Antonyms — Harmony, agreement, similarity, unity, convergence.
Usage in a sentence — There is often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do.
MONETARY
Meaning in English — Relating to money or currency.
Meaning in Hindi — मौद्रिक, मुद्रा संबंधी।
Meaning in Assamese — মুদ্ৰা সম্পৰ্কীয়, বিত্তীয়।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Monetary (Adjective)
Synonyms — Financial, pecuniary, fiscal, economic, currency.
Antonyms — Non-financial, non-economic, bartered, intangible, abstract.
Usage in a sentence — The central bank is responsible for monetary policy.
FISCAL
Meaning in English — Relating to government revenue, especially taxes.
Meaning in Hindi — राजकोषीय, वित्तीय।
Meaning in Assamese — ৰাজকোষীয়, বিত্তীয়।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Fiscal (Adjective), Fiscally (Adverb)
Synonyms — Financial, economic, budgetary, revenue, monetary.
Antonyms — Personal, private, non-financial, individual, non-economic.
Usage in a sentence — The government announced new fiscal measures in the budget.
PURVIEW
Meaning in English — The scope of the influence or concerns of something.
Meaning in Hindi — अधिकार-क्षेत्र, परिधि, दायरा।
Meaning in Assamese — পৰিসৰ, অধিকাৰ-ক্ষেত্ৰ, পৰিধি।
This Word is an English grammar: Noun
Forms — Purview (Singular)
Synonyms — Scope, extent, range, ambit, compass.
Antonyms — Restriction, limitation, exclusion, confinement, constraint.
Usage in a sentence — Such matters are outside the purview of the committee.
CONTRACTIONARY
Meaning in English — Tending to cause the contraction of a country's economy.
Meaning in Hindi — संकुचनकारी, संकुचनशील।
Meaning in Assamese — সংকোচনমূলক।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Contractionary (Adjective), Contraction (Noun)
Synonyms — Restrictive, deflationary, tight, austere, curbing.
Antonyms — Expansionary, inflationary, stimulative, loose, expansionist.
Usage in a sentence — The central bank adopted a contractionary monetary policy to fight inflation.
EXPANSIONARY
Meaning in English — Tending to cause the expansion of a country's economy.
Meaning in Hindi — विस्तारवादी, विस्तारशील।
Meaning in Assamese — সম্প্ৰসাৰণমূলক।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Expansionary (Adjective), Expansion (Noun)
Synonyms — Stimulative, inflationary, growth-oriented, loose, accommodative.
Antonyms — Contractionary, deflationary, restrictive, tight, austere.
Usage in a sentence — The government implemented an expansionary fiscal policy to combat recession.
PREROGATIVE
Meaning in English — A right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class.
Meaning in Hindi — विशेषाधिकार, परमाधिकार।
Meaning in Assamese — বিশেষাধিকাৰ, একচেটীয়া অধিকাৰ।
This Word is an English grammar: Noun
Forms — Prerogative (Noun)
Synonyms — Entitlement, right, privilege, advantage, authority.
Antonyms — Duty, obligation, restriction, disadvantage, liability.
Usage in a sentence — It is the government's prerogative to set fiscal policy.
AUTONOMY
Meaning in English — The right or condition of self-government; freedom from external control or influence.
Meaning in Hindi — स्वायत्तता, स्वराज, स्वतंत्रता।
Meaning in Assamese — স্বায়ত্তশাসন, স্বাধীনতা।
This Word is an English grammar: Noun
Forms — Autonomy (Noun), Autonomous (Adjective)
Synonyms — Independence, self-rule, sovereignty, freedom, self-determination.
Antonyms — Dependence, subordination, subjection, control, heteronomy.
Usage in a sentence — The central bank's autonomy is crucial for its effective functioning.
TANDEM
Meaning in English — Alongside each other; together.
Meaning in Hindi — एक साथ, मिलकर।
Meaning in Assamese — একেলগে, একেশাৰীতে।
This Word is an English grammar: Adverb
Forms — Tandem (Adverb/Noun)
Synonyms — Together, jointly, in conjunction, alongside, in concert.
Antonyms — Separately, individually, independently, alone, solo.
Usage in a sentence — The two policies should work in tandem to achieve the best results.
INCONGRUOUS
Meaning in English — Not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something.
Meaning in Hindi — असंगत, बेमेल, अनुपयुक्त।
Meaning in Assamese — অসংলগ্ন, অমিল, খাপ নোখোৱা।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Incongruous (Adjective), Incongruously (Adverb)
Synonyms — Inappropriate, unsuitable, out of place, discordant, dissonant.
Antonyms — Congruous, harmonious, appropriate, suitable, consistent.
Usage in a sentence — An incongruous policy mix can harm the economy.
PRAGMATIC
Meaning in English — Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations.
Meaning in Hindi — व्यावहारिक, यथार्थवादी।
Meaning in Assamese — ব্যৱহাৰিক, বাস্তৱবাদী।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Pragmatic (Adjective), Pragmatically (Adverb)
Synonyms — Practical, realistic, sensible, down-to-earth, matter-of-fact.
Antonyms — Impractical, idealistic, unrealistic, theoretical, visionary.
Usage in a sentence — A pragmatic approach to policymaking is always preferred.
JUDICIOUS
Meaning in English — Having, showing, or done with good judgment or sense.
Meaning in Hindi — विवेकपूर्ण, बुद्धिमानीपूर्ण, उचित।
Meaning in Assamese — বিবেচনাপূৰ্ণ, বিবেকপূর্ণ, জ্ঞানী।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Judicious (Adjective), Judiciously (Adverb)
Synonyms — Wise, sensible, prudent, shrewd, astute.
Antonyms — Injudicious, foolish, imprudent, unwise, rash.
Usage in a sentence — A judicious mix of policies is needed for economic stability.
SYNERGY
Meaning in English — The interaction of elements that when combined produce a total effect greater than the sum of the individual elements.
Meaning in Hindi — तालमेल, सहक्रिया।
Meaning in Assamese — সমন্বয়, সহযোগিতা।
This Word is an English grammar: Noun
Forms — Synergy (Noun), Synergistic (Adjective)
Synonyms — Cooperation, collaboration, teamwork, combined effort, concert.
Antonyms — Discord, antagonism, conflict, disunion, opposition.
Usage in a sentence — The goal is to achieve synergy between fiscal and monetary policy.
STAGNATION
Meaning in English — The state of not flowing or moving; a state of inactivity or lack of development.
Meaning in Hindi — ठहराव, गतिहीनता, स्थिरता।
Meaning in Assamese — স্থবিৰতা, গতিহীনতা।
This Word is an English grammar: Noun
Forms — Stagnation (Noun), Stagnate (Verb)
Synonyms — Inactivity, sluggishness, standstill, inertia, dormancy.
Antonyms — Growth, development, progress, activity, dynamism.
Usage in a sentence — An expansionary policy can help an economy out of stagnation.
StudyBix.com-Q1: What is the fundamental dichotomy discussed in the article?
- AThe difference between recession and inflation.
- BThe distinction between Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy as tools for economic management.
- CThe conflict between the government and the central bank.
- DThe choice between a domestic economy and a globalized one.
- EThe debate between public and private sector roles.
StudyBix.com-Q1: लेख में चर्चित मौलिक द्विभाजन क्या है?
- AThe difference between recession and inflation.
- BThe distinction between Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy as tools for economic management.
- CThe conflict between the government and the central bank.
- DThe choice between a domestic economy and a globalized one.
- EThe debate between public and private sector roles.
StudyBix.com-Q1: লেখাটোত আলোচনা কৰা মৌলিক দ্বি-বিভাজন কি?
- AThe difference between recession and inflation.
- BThe distinction between Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy as tools for economic management.
- CThe conflict between the government and the central bank.
- DThe choice between a domestic economy and a globalized one.
- EThe debate between public and private sector roles.
Explanation:The first paragraph introduces the two main topics, monetary and fiscal policy, and explicitly uses the word "dichotomy" to describe the distinction between them.
स्पष्टीकरण:पहला पैराग्राफ दो मुख्य विषयों, मौद्रिक और राजकोषीय नीति का परिचय देता है, और उनके बीच के अंतर का वर्णन करने के लिए स्पष्ट रूप से "dichotomy" शब्द का उपयोग करता है।
ব্যাখ্যা:প্ৰথম অনুচ্ছেদত দুটা মূল বিষয়, মুদ্ৰা আৰু ৰাজকোষীয় নীতিৰ পৰিচয় দিয়া হৈছে, আৰু সেইবোৰৰ মাজৰ পাৰ্থক্য বৰ্ণনা কৰিবলৈ স্পষ্টভাৱে "dichotomy" শব্দটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে।
StudyBix.com-Q2: Which word is the best synonym for PRAGMATIC?
- AIdealistic
- BTheoretical
- CRealistic
- DVisionary
- EUnrealistic
StudyBix.com-Q2: PRAGMATIC शब्द का सबसे अच्छा पर्यायवाची शब्द कौन सा है?
- AIdealistic
- BTheoretical
- CRealistic
- DVisionary
- EUnrealistic
StudyBix.com-Q2: PRAGMATIC শব্দটোৰ বাবে কোনটো শব্দ সৰ্বোত্তম সমাৰ্থক?
- AIdealistic
- BTheoretical
- CRealistic
- DVisionary
- EUnrealistic
Explanation:'Pragmatic' means dealing with things based on practical rather than theoretical considerations. 'Realistic' is a direct synonym.
स्पष्टीकरण:'Pragmatic' का अर्थ है सैद्धांतिक विचारों के बजाय व्यावहारिक आधार पर चीजों से निपटना। 'Realistic' इसका सीधा पर्यायवाची है।
ব্যাখ্যা:'Pragmatic' মানে তাত্ত্বিক বিবেচনাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ব্যৱহাৰিক आधारত কাম কৰা। 'Realistic' ইয়াৰ পোনপটীয়া সমাৰ্থক।
StudyBix.com-Q3: Choose the word that is an antonym for EXPANSIONARY.
- AStimulative
- BContractionary
- CGrowth-oriented
- DLoose
- EAccommodative
StudyBix.com-Q3: EXPANSIONARY के विलोम शब्द का चयन करें।
- AStimulative
- BContractionary
- CGrowth-oriented
- DLoose
- EAccommodative
StudyBix.com-Q3: EXPANSIONARY শব্দটোৰ বিপৰীত শব্দ বাছক।
- AStimulative
- BContractionary
- CGrowth-oriented
- DLoose
- EAccommodative
Explanation:An expansionary policy aims to grow or expand the economy. A contractionary policy aims to shrink or slow down the economy, making it the direct opposite.
स्पष्टीकरण:एक विस्तारवादी नीति का उद्देश्य अर्थव्यवस्था को बढ़ाना या विस्तारित करना है। एक संकुचनकारी नीति का उद्देश्य अर्थव्यवस्था को सिकोड़ना या धीमा करना है, जो इसका सीधा विपरीत है।
ব্যাখ্যা:এটা সম্প্ৰসাৰণমূলক নীতিৰ উদ্দেশ্য হ'ল অৰ্থনীতিক বৃদ্ধি বা সম্প্ৰসাৰিত কৰা। এটা সংকোচনমূলক নীতিৰ উদ্দেশ্য হ'ল অৰ্থনীতিক সংকোচন বা মন্থৰ কৰা, যিটো ইয়াৰ পোনপটীয়া বিপৰীত।
StudyBix.com-Q4: According to the article, whose prerogative is it to set fiscal policy?
- AThe Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
- BThe judiciary
- CThe government
- DThe private sector
- EThe Monetary Policy Committee
StudyBix.com-Q4: लेख के अनुसार, राजकोषीय नीति निर्धारित करना किसका विशेषाधिकार है?
- AThe Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
- BThe judiciary
- CThe government
- DThe private sector
- EThe Monetary Policy Committee
StudyBix.com-Q4: লেখাটোৰ মতে, ৰাজকোষীয় নীতি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰাটো কাৰ বিশেষাধিকাৰ?
- AThe Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
- BThe judiciary
- CThe government
- DThe private sector
- EThe Monetary Policy Committee
Explanation:The third paragraph explicitly states, "Fiscal policy, on the other hand, is the exclusive prerogative of the government."
स्पष्टीकरण:तीसरे पैराग्राफ में स्पष्ट रूप से कहा गया है, "दूसरी ओर, राजकोषीय नीति सरकार का अनन्य विशेषाधिकार है।"
ব্যাখ্যা:তৃতীয় অনুচ্ছেদত স্পষ্টভাৱে কোৱা হৈছে, "আনহাতে, ৰাজকোষীয় নীতি হ'ল চৰকাৰৰ একচেটিয়া বিশেষাধিকাৰ।"
StudyBix.com-Q5: Fill in the blank: The two departments worked in __________ to complete the complex project ahead of schedule.
- Adichotomy
- Bstagnation
- Ctandem
- Dpurview
- Eprerogative
StudyBix.com-Q5: रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति करें: दोनों विभागों ने जटिल परियोजना को समय से पहले पूरा करने के लिए __________ में काम किया।
- Adichotomy
- Bstagnation
- Ctandem
- Dpurview
- Eprerogative
StudyBix.com-Q5: খালী ঠাই পূৰণ কৰক: দুয়োটা বিভাগে জটিল প্ৰকল্পটো সময়ৰ আগতে সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিবলৈ __________-ত কাম কৰিছিল।
- Adichotomy
- Bstagnation
- Ctandem
- Dpurview
- Eprerogative
Explanation:'In tandem' means working together or alongside each other. It is the perfect phrase to describe two departments cooperating on a project.
स्पष्टीकरण:'In tandem' का अर्थ है एक साथ या एक-दूसरे के साथ काम करना। यह एक परियोजना पर सहयोग करने वाले दो विभागों का वर्णन करने के लिए एकदम सही वाक्यांश है।
ব্যাখ্যা:'In tandem' মানে একেলগে বা ইজনে সিজনৰ লগত কাম কৰা। ই এটা প্ৰকল্পত সহযোগিতা কৰা দুটা বিভাগক বৰ্ণনা কৰিবলৈ এক নিখুঁত বাক্যশাৰী।
StudyBix.com-Q6: The word SYNERGY is closest in meaning to:
- AConflict
- BIsolation
- CCooperation
- DCompetition
- EAntagonism
StudyBix.com-Q6: SYNERGY शब्द का अर्थ किसके सबसे करीब है:
- AConflict
- BIsolation
- CCooperation
- DCompetition
- EAntagonism
StudyBix.com-Q6: SYNERGY শব্দটোৰ অৰ্থ কাৰ সৈতে আটাইতকৈ ওচৰ:
- AConflict
- BIsolation
- CCooperation
- DCompetition
- EAntagonism
Explanation:'Synergy' is the combined effect of different elements working together which is greater than the sum of their individual effects. 'Cooperation' is a key aspect of this.
स्पष्टीकरण:'Synergy' एक साथ काम करने वाले विभिन्न तत्वों का संयुक्त प्रभाव है जो उनके व्यक्तिगत प्रभावों के योग से अधिक होता है। 'Cooperation' इसका एक प्रमुख पहलू है।
ব্যাখ্যা:'Synergy' হৈছে একেলগে কাম কৰা বিভিন্ন উপাদানৰ সংযুক্ত প্ৰভাৱ যিটো সিহঁতৰ ব্যক্তিগত প্ৰভাৱৰ যোগফলতকৈ বেছি। 'Cooperation' ইয়াৰ এক মুখ্য দিশ।
StudyBix.com-Q7: The opposite of STAGNATION is:
- AInactivity
- BStandstill
- CInertia
- DGrowth
- EDormancy
StudyBix.com-Q7: STAGNATION का विलोम है:
- AInactivity
- BStandstill
- CInertia
- DGrowth
- EDormancy
StudyBix.com-Q7: STAGNATIONৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AInactivity
- BStandstill
- CInertia
- DGrowth
- EDormancy
Explanation:'Stagnation' is a state of no activity or development. 'Growth' is a state of active development and increase.
स्पष्टीकरण:'Stagnation' कोई गतिविधि या विकास न होने की स्थिति है। 'Growth' सक्रिय विकास और वृद्धि की स्थिति है।
ব্যাখ্যা:'Stagnation' হৈছে কোনো কাৰ্যকলাপ বা বিকাশ নোহোৱা অৱস্থা। 'Growth' হৈছে সক্ৰিয় বিকাশ আৰু বৃদ্ধিৰ অৱস্থা।
StudyBix.com-Q8: Find the part of the sentence that has a grammatical error. If there is no error, choose E.
"The autonomy of the central bank (A)/ are paramount to ensure that (B)/ its monetary policy decisions (C)/ are free from political influence (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe autonomy of the central bank
- Bare paramount to ensure that
- Cits monetary policy decisions
- Dare free from political influence
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q8: वाक्य के उस हिस्से का पता लगाएं जिसमें व्याकरण की त्रुटि है। यदि कोई त्रुटि नहीं है, तो E चुनें।
"The autonomy of the central bank (A)/ are paramount to ensure that (B)/ its monetary policy decisions (C)/ are free from political influence (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe autonomy of the central bank
- Bare paramount to ensure that
- Cits monetary policy decisions
- Dare free from political influence
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q8: বাক্যটোৰ যি অংশত ব্যাকৰণগত ভুল আছে, সেইটো বিচাৰি উলিয়াওক। যদি কোনো ভুল নাই, E বাছক।
"The autonomy of the central bank (A)/ are paramount to ensure that (B)/ its monetary policy decisions (C)/ are free from political influence (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe autonomy of the central bank
- Bare paramount to ensure that
- Cits monetary policy decisions
- Dare free from political influence
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject of the sentence is "The autonomy," which is a singular noun. Therefore, the verb should be "is paramount," not "are paramount." The error is in part (B).
स्पष्टीकरण:वाक्य का विषय "The autonomy" है, जो एक एकवचन संज्ञा है। इसलिए, क्रिया "is paramount" होनी चाहिए, न कि "are paramount"। त्रुटि भाग (B) में है।
ব্যাখ্যা:বাক্যটোৰ কৰ্তা "The autonomy", যিটো একবচন বিশেষ্য। সেয়েহে, ক্ৰিয়াটো "is paramount" হ'ব লাগে, "are paramount" নহয়। ভুলটো অংশ (B)ত আছে।
StudyBix.com-Q9: What is a significant challenge for fiscal policy mentioned in the article?
- AIt is too quick to implement.
- BIt suffers from implementation lags.
- CIt is controlled by the central bank.
- DIt has no effect on consumer demand.
- EIt is free from political influence.
StudyBix.com-Q9: लेख में उल्लिखित राजकोषीय नीति के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण चुनौती क्या है?
- AIt is too quick to implement.
- BIt suffers from implementation lags.
- CIt is controlled by the central bank.
- DIt has no effect on consumer demand.
- EIt is free from political influence.
StudyBix.com-Q9: লেখাটোত উল্লেখ কৰা ৰাজকোষীয় নীতিৰ বাবে এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰত্যাহ্বান কি?
- AIt is too quick to implement.
- BIt suffers from implementation lags.
- CIt is controlled by the central bank.
- DIt has no effect on consumer demand.
- EIt is free from political influence.
Explanation:The third paragraph states, "A significant challenge for fiscal policy is the implementation lag..."
स्पष्टीकरण:तीसरे पैराग्राफ में कहा गया है, "राजकोषीय नीति के लिए एक महत्वपूर्ण चुनौती कार्यान्वयन में देरी है..."
ব্যাখ্যা:তৃতীয় অনুচ্ছেদত কোৱা হৈছে, "ৰাজকোষীয় নীতিৰ বাবে এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰত্যাহ্বান হ'ল ৰূপায়ণত পলম হোৱা..."
StudyBix.com-Q10: The opposite of AUTONOMY is:
- AIndependence
- BFreedom
- CDependence
- DSovereignty
- ESelf-rule
StudyBix.com-Q10: AUTONOMY का विलोम है:
- AIndependence
- BFreedom
- CDependence
- DSovereignty
- ESelf-rule
StudyBix.com-Q10: AUTONOMYৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AIndependence
- BFreedom
- CDependence
- DSovereignty
- ESelf-rule
Explanation:Autonomy means freedom from external control or influence. Dependence is the state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else.
स्पष्टीकरण:स्वायत्तता का अर्थ है बाहरी नियंत्रण या प्रभाव से स्वतंत्रता। निर्भरता किसी और पर निर्भर रहने या उसके द्वारा नियंत्रित होने की स्थिति है।
ব্যাখ্যা:স্বায়ত্তশাসন মানে বাহ্যিক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ বা প্ৰভাৱৰ পৰা মুক্তি। নিৰ্ভৰশীলতা মানে আনৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰা বা আনৰ দ্বাৰা নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত হোৱা অৱস্থা।
StudyBix.com-Q11: The synonym for PURVIEW is:
- AExclusion
- BScope
- CLimitation
- DRestriction
- EConstraint
StudyBix.com-Q11: PURVIEW का पर्यायवाची है:
- AExclusion
- BScope
- CLimitation
- DRestriction
- EConstraint
StudyBix.com-Q11: PURVIEWৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AExclusion
- BScope
- CLimitation
- DRestriction
- EConstraint
Explanation:The purview of something is the scope of its influence or concerns. 'Scope' is a direct synonym.
स्पष्टीकरण:किसी चीज़ का दायरा उसके प्रभाव या चिंताओं का दायरा होता है। 'Scope' एक सीधा पर्यायवाची है।
ব্যাখ্যা:কোনো বস্তুৰ পৰিসৰ হ'ল তাৰ প্ৰভাৱ বা চিন্তাৰ পৰিসৰ। 'Scope' এক পোনপটীয়া সমাৰ্থক।
StudyBix.com-Q12: An incongruous situation is one that is:
- AHarmonious
- BSuitable
- COut of place
- DConsistent
- EAppropriate
StudyBix.com-Q12: एक incongruous स्थिति वह है जो है:
- AHarmonious
- BSuitable
- COut of place
- DConsistent
- EAppropriate
StudyBix.com-Q12: এটা incongruous পৰিস্থিতি হ'ল এনেকুৱা যিটো:
- AHarmonious
- BSuitable
- COut of place
- DConsistent
- EAppropriate
Explanation:Something that is incongruous is not in harmony or is out of keeping with its surroundings. 'Out of place' captures this meaning.
स्पष्टीकरण:जो असंगत है वह सामंजस्य में नहीं है या अपने परिवेश के अनुरूप नहीं है। 'Out of place' इस अर्थ को दर्शाता है।
ব্যাখ্যা:যিটো অসংলগ্ন, সেয়া সামঞ্জস্যত নাথাকে বা তাৰ পৰিৱেশৰ লগত খাপ নাখায়। 'Out of place' শব্দটোৱে এই অৰ্থটো ধৰি ৰাখে।
StudyBix.com-Q13: Find the error: "The dichotomy between the two policies (A)/ often lead to incongruous outcomes, (B)/ making a pragmatic and judicious (C)/ approach to coordination imperative (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe dichotomy between the two policies
- Boften lead to incongruous outcomes,
- Cmaking a pragmatic and judicious
- Dapproach to coordination imperative
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q13: त्रुटि खोजें: "The dichotomy between the two policies (A)/ often lead to incongruous outcomes, (B)/ making a pragmatic and judicious (C)/ approach to coordination imperative (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe dichotomy between the two policies
- Boften lead to incongruous outcomes,
- Cmaking a pragmatic and judicious
- Dapproach to coordination imperative
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q13: ভুল বিচাৰক: "The dichotomy between the two policies (A)/ often lead to incongruous outcomes, (B)/ making a pragmatic and judicious (C)/ approach to coordination imperative (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe dichotomy between the two policies
- Boften lead to incongruous outcomes,
- Cmaking a pragmatic and judicious
- Dapproach to coordination imperative
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject is "The dichotomy" (singular). The verb should be "leads," not "lead."
स्पष्टीकरण:विषय "The dichotomy" (एकवचन) है। क्रिया "leads" होनी चाहिए, न कि "lead"।
ব্যাখ্যা:কৰ্তা "The dichotomy" (একবচন)। ক্ৰিয়াটো "leads" হ'ব লাগে, "lead" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q14: The opposite of MONETARY is:
- AFinancial
- BPecuniary
- CNon-financial
- DEconomic
- EFiscal
StudyBix.com-Q14: MONETARY का विलोम है:
- AFinancial
- BPecuniary
- CNon-financial
- DEconomic
- EFiscal
StudyBix.com-Q14: MONETARYৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AFinancial
- BPecuniary
- CNon-financial
- DEconomic
- EFiscal
Explanation:Monetary relates to money. Non-financial relates to things other than money.
स्पष्टीकरण:मौद्रिक धन से संबंधित है। गैर-वित्तीय धन के अलावा अन्य चीजों से संबंधित है।
ব্যাখ্যা:মুদ্ৰা সম্পৰ্কীয় মানে টকাৰ সৈতে জড়িত। অ-বিত্তীয় মানে টকাৰ বাহিৰে আন বস্তুৰ সৈতে জড়িত।
StudyBix.com-Q15: The synonym for INCONGRUOUS is:
- AHarmonious
- BDiscordant
- CSuitable
- DConsistent
- EAppropriate
StudyBix.com-Q15: INCONGRUOUS का पर्यायवाची है:
- AHarmonious
- BDiscordant
- CSuitable
- DConsistent
- EAppropriate
StudyBix.com-Q15: INCONGRUOUSৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AHarmonious
- BDiscordant
- CSuitable
- DConsistent
- EAppropriate
Explanation:Something incongruous is not in harmony. Something discordant is also disagreeing or incongruous.
स्पष्टीकरण:कुछ असंगत सामंजस्य में नहीं है। कुछ असंगत भी असहमतिपूर्ण या असंगत है।
ব্যাখ্যা:কিবা অসংলগ্ন বস্তু সামঞ্জস্যত নাথাকে। কিবা discordant বস্তুও অমিল বা অসংলগ্ন হয়।
StudyBix.com-Q16: Find the error: "The government's expansionary fiscal policy, (A)/ a pragmatic response to economic stagnation, (B)/ were designed to stimulate (C)/ demand and create jobs (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe government's expansionary fiscal policy,
- Ba pragmatic response to economic stagnation,
- Cwere designed to stimulate
- Ddemand and create jobs
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q16: त्रुटि खोजें: "The government's expansionary fiscal policy, (A)/ a pragmatic response to economic stagnation, (B)/ were designed to stimulate (C)/ demand and create jobs (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe government's expansionary fiscal policy,
- Ba pragmatic response to economic stagnation,
- Cwere designed to stimulate
- Ddemand and create jobs
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q16: ভুল বিচাৰক: "The government's expansionary fiscal policy, (A)/ a pragmatic response to economic stagnation, (B)/ were designed to stimulate (C)/ demand and create jobs (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe government's expansionary fiscal policy,
- Ba pragmatic response to economic stagnation,
- Cwere designed to stimulate
- Ddemand and create jobs
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject is "policy" (singular). The verb should be "was designed," not "were designed."
स्पष्टीकरण:विषय "policy" (एकवचन) है। क्रिया "was designed" होनी चाहिए, न कि "were designed"।
ব্যাখ্যা:কৰ্তা "policy" (একবচন)। ক্ৰিয়াটো "was designed" হ'ব লাগে, "were designed" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q17: The opposite of PREROGATIVE is:
- APrivilege
- BRight
- CObligation
- DEntitlement
- EAuthority
StudyBix.com-Q17: PREROGATIVE का विलोम है:
- APrivilege
- BRight
- CObligation
- DEntitlement
- EAuthority
StudyBix.com-Q17: PREROGATIVEৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- APrivilege
- BRight
- CObligation
- DEntitlement
- EAuthority
Explanation:A prerogative is a right or privilege. An obligation is a duty or commitment that one must do.
स्पष्टीकरण:एक विशेषाधिकार एक अधिकार या विशेषाधिकार है। एक दायित्व एक कर्तव्य या प्रतिबद्धता है जिसे किसी को करना चाहिए।
ব্যাখ্যা:এটা বিশেষাধিকাৰ হ'ল এক অধিকাৰ বা সুবিধা। এটা বাধ্যবাধকতা হ'ল এক কৰ্তব্য বা প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি যিটো পালন কৰিব লাগে।
StudyBix.com-Q18: The synonym for CONTRACTIONARY is:
- AExpansionary
- BStimulative
- CRestrictive
- DLoose
- EInflationary
StudyBix.com-Q18: CONTRACTIONARY का पर्यायवाची है:
- AExpansionary
- BStimulative
- CRestrictive
- DLoose
- EInflationary
StudyBix.com-Q18: CONTRACTIONARYৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AExpansionary
- BStimulative
- CRestrictive
- DLoose
- EInflationary
Explanation:A contractionary policy is one that restricts or curbs economic activity.
स्पष्टीकरण:एक संकुचनकारी नीति वह है जो आर्थिक गतिविधि को प्रतिबंधित या नियंत्रित करती है।
ব্যাখ্যা:এটা সংকোচনমূলক নীতি হ'ল এনেকুৱা যিয়ে অৰ্থনৈতিক কাৰ্যকলাপক বাধা দিয়ে বা নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰে।
StudyBix.com-Q19: Find the error: "The synergy between the monetary and fiscal policies (A)/ are crucial for macroeconomic stability, (B)/ but achieving such harmony (C)/ is often a formidable challenge (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe synergy between the monetary and fiscal policies
- Bare crucial for macroeconomic stability,
- Cbut achieving such harmony
- Dis often a formidable challenge
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q19: त्रुटि खोजें: "The synergy between the monetary and fiscal policies (A)/ are crucial for macroeconomic stability, (B)/ but achieving such harmony (C)/ is often a formidable challenge (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe synergy between the monetary and fiscal policies
- Bare crucial for macroeconomic stability,
- Cbut achieving such harmony
- Dis often a formidable challenge
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q19: ভুল বিচাৰক: "The synergy between the monetary and fiscal policies (A)/ are crucial for macroeconomic stability, (B)/ but achieving such harmony (C)/ is often a formidable challenge (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe synergy between the monetary and fiscal policies
- Bare crucial for macroeconomic stability,
- Cbut achieving such harmony
- Dis often a formidable challenge
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject is "The synergy" (singular). The verb should be "is crucial," not "are crucial."
स्पष्टीकरण:विषय "The synergy" (एकवचन) है। क्रिया "is crucial" होनी चाहिए, न कि "are crucial"।
ব্যাখ্যা:কৰ্তা "The synergy" (একবচন)। ক্ৰিয়াটো "is crucial" হ'ব লাগে, "are crucial" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q20: The opposite of SYNERGY is:
- ACooperation
- BAntagonism
- CCollaboration
- DTeamwork
- EConcert
StudyBix.com-Q20: SYNERGY का विलोम है:
- ACooperation
- BAntagonism
- CCollaboration
- DTeamwork
- EConcert
StudyBix.com-Q20: SYNERGYৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- ACooperation
- BAntagonism
- CCollaboration
- DTeamwork
- EConcert
Explanation:Synergy is a state of productive cooperation. Antagonism is a state of active hostility or opposition.
स्पष्टीकरण:तालमेल उत्पादक सहयोग की स्थिति है। विरोध सक्रिय शत्रुता या विरोध की स्थिति है।
ব্যাখ্যা:সমন্বয় হৈছে উৎপাদনশীল সহযোগিতাৰ এক অৱস্থা। বিৰোধিতা হৈছে সক্ৰিয় শত্ৰুতা বা বিৰোধিতাৰ এক অৱস্থা।
StudyBix.com-Q21: What is the main advantage of monetary policy as stated in the article?
- AIt is controlled by elected officials.
- BIt always leads to economic growth.
- CIt can be implemented relatively quickly.
- DIt directly reduces taxes for citizens.
- EIt is free from external factors.
StudyBix.com-Q21: लेख में बताए अनुसार मौद्रिक नीति का मुख्य लाभ क्या है?
- AIt is controlled by elected officials.
- BIt always leads to economic growth.
- CIt can be implemented relatively quickly.
- DIt directly reduces taxes for citizens.
- EIt is free from external factors.
StudyBix.com-Q21: লেখাটোত উল্লেখ কৰা অনুসৰি মুদ্ৰা নীতিৰ মূল সুবিধা কি?
- AIt is controlled by elected officials.
- BIt always leads to economic growth.
- CIt can be implemented relatively quickly.
- DIt directly reduces taxes for citizens.
- EIt is free from external factors.
Explanation:The second paragraph concludes by saying, "The key advantage of monetary policy is its ability to be implemented relatively quickly."
स्पष्टीकरण:दूसरे पैराग्राफ का निष्कर्ष यह है, "मौद्रिक नीति का मुख्य लाभ इसे अपेक्षाकृत जल्दी लागू करने की क्षमता है।"
ব্যাখ্যা:দ্বিতীয় অনুচ্ছেদৰ শেষত কোৱা হৈছে, "মুদ্ৰা নীতিৰ মূল সুবিধা হ'ল ইয়াক তুলনামূলকভাৱে দ্ৰুতভাৱে ৰূপায়ণ কৰাৰ ক্ষমতা।"
StudyBix.com-Q22: The synonym for STAGNATION is:
- AGrowth
- BInactivity
- CProgress
- DDevelopment
- EDynamism
StudyBix.com-Q22: STAGNATION का पर्यायवाची है:
- AGrowth
- BInactivity
- CProgress
- DDevelopment
- EDynamism
StudyBix.com-Q22: STAGNATIONৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AGrowth
- BInactivity
- CProgress
- DDevelopment
- EDynamism
Explanation:Stagnation is a state of little or no activity or growth. 'Inactivity' is a direct synonym.
स्पष्टीकरण:ठहराव बहुत कम या कोई गतिविधि या वृद्धि न होने की स्थिति है। 'Inactivity' इसका सीधा पर्यायवाची है।
ব্যাখ্যা:স্থবিৰতা মানে অতি কম বা কোনো কাৰ্যকলাপ বা বিকাশ নোহোৱা অৱস্থা। 'Inactivity' ইয়াৰ পোনপটীয়া সমাৰ্থক।
StudyBix.com-Q23: Find the error: "The incongruous policy mix, (A)/ where a contractionary monetary policy were running alongside an expansionary fiscal one, (B)/ confused the markets and (C)/ hampered the economic recovery (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe incongruous policy mix,
- Bwhere a contractionary monetary policy were running alongside an expansionary fiscal one,
- Cconfused the markets and
- Dhampered the economic recovery
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q23: त्रुटि खोजें: "The incongruous policy mix, (A)/ where a contractionary monetary policy were running alongside an expansionary fiscal one, (B)/ confused the markets and (C)/ hampered the economic recovery (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe incongruous policy mix,
- Bwhere a contractionary monetary policy were running alongside an expansionary fiscal one,
- Cconfused the markets and
- Dhampered the economic recovery
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q23: ভুল বিচাৰক: "The incongruous policy mix, (A)/ where a contractionary monetary policy were running alongside an expansionary fiscal one, (B)/ confused the markets and (C)/ hampered the economic recovery (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe incongruous policy mix,
- Bwhere a contractionary monetary policy were running alongside an expansionary fiscal one,
- Cconfused the markets and
- Dhampered the economic recovery
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject of the relative clause is "a contractionary monetary policy," which is singular. The verb should be "was running," not "were running."
स्पष्टीकरण:सापेक्ष उपवाक्य का विषय "a contractionary monetary policy" है, जो एकवचन है। क्रिया "was running" होनी चाहिए, न कि "were running"।
ব্যাখ্যা:আপেক্ষিক বাক্যখণ্ডৰ কৰ্তা "a contractionary monetary policy", যিটো একবচন। ক্ৰিয়াটো "was running" হ'ব লাগে, "were running" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q24: The opposite of DICHOTOMY is:
- AContrast
- BDivision
- CUnity
- DSeparation
- EOpposition
StudyBix.com-Q24: DICHOTOMY का विलोम है:
- AContrast
- BDivision
- CUnity
- DSeparation
- EOpposition
StudyBix.com-Q24: DICHOTOMYৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AContrast
- BDivision
- CUnity
- DSeparation
- EOpposition
Explanation:A dichotomy is a division into two parts. Unity is the state of being united as a whole.
स्पष्टीकरण:एक द्विभाजन दो भागों में एक विभाजन है। एकता समग्र रूप से एकजुट होने की स्थिति है।
ব্যাখ্যা:এটা দ্বি-বিভাজন হ'ল দুটা অংশত বিভাজন। ঐক্য হ'ল একত্ৰিত হৈ থকাৰ অৱস্থা।
StudyBix.com-Q25: The synonym for PREROGATIVE is:
- AObligation
- BPrivilege
- CDuty
- DBurden
- ELiability
StudyBix.com-Q25: PREROGATIVE का पर्यायवाची है:
- AObligation
- BPrivilege
- CDuty
- DBurden
- ELiability
StudyBix.com-Q25: PREROGATIVEৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AObligation
- BPrivilege
- CDuty
- DBurden
- ELiability
Explanation:A prerogative is an exclusive right or privilege.
स्पष्टीकरण:एक विशेषाधिकार एक विशेष अधिकार या विशेषाधिकार है।
ব্যাখ্যা:এটা বিশেষাধিকাৰ হ'ল এক একচেটিয়া অধিকাৰ বা সুবিধা।
StudyBix.com-Q26: Find the error: "A judicious monetary policy, working in tandem with a pragmatic fiscal policy, (A)/ are essential for sustainable (B)/ macroeconomic growth and to avoid (C)/ the pernicious effects of high inflation (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA judicious monetary policy, working in tandem with a pragmatic fiscal policy,
- Bare essential for sustainable
- Cmacroeconomic growth and to avoid
- Dthe pernicious effects of high inflation
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q26: त्रुटि खोजें: "A judicious monetary policy, working in tandem with a pragmatic fiscal policy, (A)/ are essential for sustainable (B)/ macroeconomic growth and to avoid (C)/ the pernicious effects of high inflation (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA judicious monetary policy, working in tandem with a pragmatic fiscal policy,
- Bare essential for sustainable
- Cmacroeconomic growth and to avoid
- Dthe pernicious effects of high inflation
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q26: ভুল বিচাৰক: "A judicious monetary policy, working in tandem with a pragmatic fiscal policy, (A)/ are essential for sustainable (B)/ macroeconomic growth and to avoid (C)/ the pernicious effects of high inflation (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA judicious monetary policy, working in tandem with a pragmatic fiscal policy,
- Bare essential for sustainable
- Cmacroeconomic growth and to avoid
- Dthe pernicious effects of high inflation
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject is "A judicious monetary policy" (singular), not the two policies together. The phrase "working in tandem with..." is descriptive. The verb should be "is essential," not "are essential."
स्पष्टीकरण:विषय "A judicious monetary policy" (एकवचन) है, न कि दोनों नीतियां एक साथ। वाक्यांश "working in tandem with..." वर्णनात्मक है। क्रिया "is essential" होनी चाहिए, न कि "are essential"।
ব্যাখ্যা:কৰ্তা "A judicious monetary policy" (একবচন), দুয়োটা নীতি একেলগে নহয়। "working in tandem with..." বাক্যশাৰীটো বৰ্ণনাত্মক। ক্ৰিয়াটো "is essential" হ'ব লাগে, "are essential" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q27: The opposite of PRAGMATIC is:
- ASensible
- BRealistic
- CTheoretical
- DPractical
- EDown-to-earth
StudyBix.com-Q27: PRAGMATIC का विलोम है:
- ASensible
- BRealistic
- CTheoretical
- DPractical
- EDown-to-earth
StudyBix.com-Q27: PRAGMATICৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- ASensible
- BRealistic
- CTheoretical
- DPractical
- EDown-to-earth
Explanation:Pragmatic is based on practical results. Theoretical is based on ideas and concepts rather than practical application.
स्पष्टीकरण:व्यावहारिक व्यावहारिक परिणामों पर आधारित है। सैद्धांतिक व्यावहारिक अनुप्रयोग के बजाय विचारों और अवधारणाओं पर आधारित है।
ব্যাখ্যা:ব্যৱহাৰিক মানে ব্যৱহাৰিক ফলাফলৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি কৰা। তাত্ত্বিক মানে ব্যৱহাৰিক প্ৰয়োগৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ধাৰণা আৰু ধাৰণাৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি কৰা।
StudyBix.com-Q28: The synonym for FISCAL is:
- APersonal
- BBudgetary
- CPrivate
- DIndividual
- EAbstract
StudyBix.com-Q28: FISCAL का पर्यायवाची है:
- APersonal
- BBudgetary
- CPrivate
- DIndividual
- EAbstract
StudyBix.com-Q28: FISCALৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- APersonal
- BBudgetary
- CPrivate
- DIndividual
- EAbstract
Explanation:Fiscal relates to government revenue and spending. 'Budgetary' also relates to the government's budget.
स्पष्टीकरण:राजकोषीय सरकारी राजस्व और व्यय से संबंधित है। 'Budgetary' भी सरकार के बजट से संबंधित है।
ব্যাখ্যা:ৰাজকোষীয় মানে চৰকাৰী ৰাজহ আৰু ব্যয়ৰ সৈতে জড়িত। 'Budgetary' মানেও চৰকাৰৰ বাজেটৰ সৈতে জড়িত।
StudyBix.com-Q29: Find the error: "A contractionary monetary policy, a pragmatic tool to curb inflation, (A)/ often have the incongruous effect (B)/ of slowing down economic growth, (C)/ creating a difficult dichotomy for policymakers (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA contractionary monetary policy, a pragmatic tool to curb inflation,
- Boften have the incongruous effect
- Cof slowing down economic growth,
- Dcreating a difficult dichotomy for policymakers
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q29: त्रुटि खोजें: "A contractionary monetary policy, a pragmatic tool to curb inflation, (A)/ often have the incongruous effect (B)/ of slowing down economic growth, (C)/ creating a difficult dichotomy for policymakers (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA contractionary monetary policy, a pragmatic tool to curb inflation,
- Boften have the incongruous effect
- Cof slowing down economic growth,
- Dcreating a difficult dichotomy for policymakers
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q29: ভুল বিচাৰক: "A contractionary monetary policy, a pragmatic tool to curb inflation, (A)/ often have the incongruous effect (B)/ of slowing down economic growth, (C)/ creating a difficult dichotomy for policymakers (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA contractionary monetary policy, a pragmatic tool to curb inflation,
- Boften have the incongruous effect
- Cof slowing down economic growth,
- Dcreating a difficult dichotomy for policymakers
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject is "A contractionary monetary policy" (singular). The verb should be "has," not "have."
स्पष्टीकरण:विषय "A contractionary monetary policy" (एकवचन) है। क्रिया "has" होनी चाहिए, न कि "have"।
ব্যাখ্যা:কৰ্তা "A contractionary monetary policy" (একবচন)। ক্ৰিয়াটো "has" হ'ব লাগে, "have" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q30: The opposite of TANDEM is:
- ATogether
- BIndividually
- CJointly
- DAlongside
- EIn concert
StudyBix.com-Q30: TANDEM का विलोम है:
- ATogether
- BIndividually
- CJointly
- DAlongside
- EIn concert
StudyBix.com-Q30: TANDEMৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- ATogether
- BIndividually
- CJointly
- DAlongside
- EIn concert
Explanation:Working in tandem means working together. Working individually means working alone or separately.
स्पष्टीकरण:एक साथ काम करने का मतलब है एक साथ काम करना। व्यक्तिगत रूप से काम करने का मतलब है अकेले या अलग से काम करना।
ব্যাখ্যা:একেলগে কাম কৰা মানে একেলগে কাম কৰা। ব্যক্তিগতভাৱে কাম কৰা মানে অকলে বা পৃথকভাৱে কাম কৰা।