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Daily Reading 9th March
Constitutional Amendments: Safeguards vs. Misuse
A constitution is not a static document but a living organism that must adapt to the changing needs of a society. The Indian Constitution provides for its own amendment under Article 368, a mechanism that allows it to evolve. However, this power to amend is a double-edged sword. While it provides flexibility, it also carries the potential for misuse by a government with a brute majority. The debate over whether any part of the Constitution is so sacrosanct that it cannot be altered is a perennial one in Indian constitutional law, balancing the need for change with the preservation of core principles.
The history of constitutional amendments in India is replete with instances of both progressive change and egregious misuse. The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 is often cited as a prime example of the latter, where the government ostensibly sought to implement Directive Principles but, in reality, attempted to subvert the democratic framework and grant itself unfettered powers. Such actions demonstrate the risk of using the amendment process to undermine the very principles the Constitution is meant to protect. In this dynamic, the judiciary has often acted as a crucial bulwark against executive and legislative overreach.
The most significant safeguard against such misuse is the "Basic Structure Doctrine," a judicial principle that emerged from the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case (1973). This doctrine holds that while Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its "basic structure." This is a profound and somewhat ambiguous concept, including elements like democracy, federalism, secularism, and the rule of law. Proponents argue that this doctrine is essential to prevent the erosion of constitutional fundamentals, while detractors claim it is an undemocratic judicial innovation that allows judges to circumvent the will of the people’s representatives. This remains a highly contentious issue.
Therefore, a judicious balance is imperative. It is essential to ameliorate the conditions that necessitate amendments while having robust safeguards against their misuse. The dialogue between parliamentary sovereignty and judicial review is ongoing. For the constitutional framework to remain resilient, it is imperative that any amendment is guided by a spirit of national consensus and constitutional morality, rather than transient political expediency.
संवैधानिक संशोधन: सुरक्षा उपाय बनाम दुरुपयोग
संविधान एक स्थिर दस्तावेज़ नहीं है, बल्कि एक जीवित जीव है जिसे समाज की बदलती ज़रूरतों के अनुकूल होना चाहिए। भारतीय संविधान अनुच्छेद 368 के तहत अपने स्वयं के संशोधन (amendment) का प्रावधान करता है, एक ऐसा तंत्र जो इसे विकसित होने की अनुमति देता है। हालाँकि, संशोधन की यह शक्ति एक दोधारी तलवार है। जबकि यह लचीलापन प्रदान करता है, इसमें भारी बहुमत वाली सरकार द्वारा दुरुपयोग की संभावना भी होती है। यह बहस कि क्या संविधान का कोई भी हिस्सा इतना पवित्र (sacrosanct) है कि उसे बदला नहीं जा सकता, भारतीय संवैधानिक कानून में एक चिरस्थायी (perennial) बहस है, जो मूल सिद्धांतों के संरक्षण के साथ परिवर्तन की आवश्यकता को संतुलित करती है।
भारत में संवैधानिक संशोधनों का इतिहास प्रगतिशील परिवर्तन और घोर (egregious) दुरुपयोग दोनों के उदाहरणों से भरा है। 1976 का 42वां संशोधन अधिनियम अक्सर बाद वाले का एक प्रमुख उदाहरण के रूप में उद्धृत किया जाता है, जहां सरकार ने प्रकट रूप से (ostensibly) निदेशक सिद्धांतों को लागू करने की मांग की, लेकिन वास्तव में, लोकतांत्रिक ढांचे को नष्ट करने (subvert) और खुद को अप्रतिबंधित (unfettered) शक्तियां प्रदान करने का प्रयास किया। ऐसी कार्रवाइयां संशोधन प्रक्रिया का उपयोग उन सिद्धांतों को कमजोर करने के जोखिम को दर्शाती हैं जिनकी रक्षा के लिए संविधान बनाया गया है। इस गतिशीलता में, न्यायपालिका ने अक्सर कार्यपालिका और विधायी अतिक्रमण के खिलाफ एक महत्वपूर्ण सुरक्षा कवच (bulwark) के रूप में कार्य किया है।
इस तरह के दुरुपयोग के खिलाफ सबसे महत्वपूर्ण सुरक्षा उपाय "मूल संरचना सिद्धांत" है, जो एक न्यायिक सिद्धांत है जो ऐतिहासिक केशवानंद भारती मामले (1973) से उभरा है। यह सिद्धांत मानता है कि जबकि संसद को संविधान में संशोधन करने की शक्ति है, वह इसकी "मूल संरचना" को नहीं बदल सकती है। यह एक गहन और कुछ हद तक अस्पष्ट (ambiguous) अवधारणा है, जिसमें लोकतंत्र, संघवाद, धर्मनिरपेक्षता और कानून के शासन जैसे तत्व शामिल हैं। समर्थक (Proponents) तर्क देते हैं कि यह सिद्धांत संवैधानिक मूल सिद्धांतों के क्षरण को रोकने के लिए आवश्यक है, जबकि आलोचक (detractors) दावा करते हैं कि यह एक अलोकतांत्रिक न्यायिक नवाचार है जो न्यायाधीशों को लोगों के प्रतिनिधियों की इच्छा को दरकिनार करने (circumvent) की अनुमति देता है। यह एक अत्यधिक विवादास्पद (contentious) मुद्दा बना हुआ है।
इसलिए, एक विवेकपूर्ण (judicious) संतुलन अनिवार्य है। संशोधनों की आवश्यकता वाली स्थितियों को सुधारना (ameliorate) आवश्यक है, जबकि उनके दुरुपयोग के खिलाफ मजबूत (robust) सुरक्षा उपाय हों। संसदीय संप्रभुता और न्यायिक समीक्षा के बीच संवाद जारी है। संवैधानिक ढांचे को लचीला बनाए रखने के लिए, यह अनिवार्य (imperative) है कि कोई भी संशोधन क्षणिक राजनीतिक समीचीनता के बजाय राष्ट्रीय सहमति और संवैधानिक नैतिकता की भावना से निर्देशित हो।
সাংবিধানিক সংশোধন: সুৰক্ষা ব্যৱস্থা বনাম অপব্যৱহাৰ
সংবিধান এখন স্থিৰ নথি নহয়, বৰঞ্চ এক জীৱন্ত সত্তা যি সমাজৰ পৰিৱৰ্তিত প্ৰয়োজনীয়তাৰ সৈতে খাপ খাব লাগিব। ভাৰতীয় সংবিধানে ৩৬৮ নং অনুচ্ছেদৰ অধীনত নিজৰ সংশোধন (amendment)ৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰিছে, যি এক ব্যৱস্থা যিয়ে ইয়াক বিকশিত হ'বলৈ দিয়ে। অৱশ্যে, সংশোধনৰ এই ক্ষমতা এক দুমুখীয়া তৰোৱাল। ই যদিও নমনীয়তা প্ৰদান কৰে, ইয়াৰ লগতে বৃহৎ সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠতা থকা চৰকাৰৰ দ্বাৰা অপব্যৱহাৰৰ সম্ভাৱনাও থাকে। সংবিধানৰ কোনো অংশ ইমানেই পৱিত্ৰ (sacrosanct) নেকি যে তাক সলনি কৰিব নোৱাৰি, এই বিতৰ্ক ভাৰতীয় সাংবিধানিক আইনত এক চিৰস্থায়ী (perennial) বিতৰ্ক, য'ত মূল সিদ্ধান্তসমূহ সংৰক্ষণৰ সৈতে পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তাৰ মাজত ভাৰসাম্য ৰখা হয়।
ভাৰতত সাংবিধানিক সংশোধনৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰগতিশীল পৰিৱৰ্তন আৰু ভয়ংকৰ (egregious) অপব্যৱহাৰ দুয়োটাৰে উদাহৰণেৰে পৰিপূৰ্ণ। ১৯৭৬ চনৰ ৪২তম সংশোধন আইনক প্ৰায়ে দ্বিতীয়টোৰ এক মুখ্য উদাহৰণ হিচাপে উল্লেখ কৰা হয়, য'ত চৰকাৰে আপাত দৃষ্টিত (ostensibly) নিৰ্দেশাত্মক সিদ্ধান্তসমূহ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰিব বিচাৰিছিল, কিন্তু প্ৰকৃততে, গণতান্ত্ৰিক গাঁথনি নষ্ট (subvert) কৰিবলৈ আৰু নিজকে অবাধ (unfettered) ক্ষমতা প্ৰদান কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছিল। এনে কাৰ্যই সংবিধানৰ মূল সিদ্ধান্তসমূহক দুৰ্বল কৰিবলৈ সংশোধন প্ৰক্ৰিয়া ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাৰ বিপদ প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰে। এই গতিশীলতাত, ন্যায়পালিকাই প্ৰায়ে কাৰ্যপালিকা আৰু বিধায়িনী সভাৰ হস্তক্ষেপৰ বিৰুদ্ধে এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা (bulwark) হিচাপে কাম কৰিছে।
এনে অপব্যৱহাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে আটাইতকৈ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ সুৰক্ষা ব্যৱস্থা হ'ল "মৌলিক গাঁথনিৰ সিদ্ধান্ত", যি এক ন্যায়িক সিদ্ধান্ত যি ঐতিহাসিক কেশৱানন্দ ভাৰতী গোচৰ (১৯৭৩)ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছিল। এই সিদ্ধান্তই কয় যে সংসদৰ সংবিধান সংশোধনৰ ক্ষমতা থাকিলেও, ই ইয়াৰ "মৌলিক গাঁথনি" সলনি কৰিব নোৱাৰে। এইটো এক গভীৰ আৰু কিছু পৰিমাণে অস্পষ্ট (ambiguous) ধাৰণা, যাৰ ভিতৰত গণতন্ত্ৰ, যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰবাদ, ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষতা আৰু আইনৰ শাসনৰ দৰে উপাদান অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। সমৰ্থকসকলে (Proponents) যুক্তি দিয়ে যে এই সিদ্ধান্ত সাংবিধানিক মৌলিকতাৰ খহনীয়া ৰোধ কৰিবলৈ অপৰিহাৰ্য, আনহাতে সমালোচকসকলে (detractors) দাবী কৰে যে ই এক অগণতান্ত্ৰিক ন্যায়িক উদ্ভাৱন যিয়ে ন্যায়াধীশসকলক জনসাধাৰণৰ প্ৰতিনিধিৰ ইচ্ছাক এৰাই চলিবলৈ (circumvent) দিয়ে। এইটো এক অত্যন্ত বিতৰ্কমূলক (contentious) বিষয় হৈ আছে।
সেয়েহে, এক বিবেচনাপূৰ্ণ (judicious) ভাৰসাম্য অপৰিহাৰ্য। সংশোধনৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা থকা পৰিস্থিতিসমূহ দূৰ কৰা (ameliorate) আৰু ইয়াৰ অপব্যৱহাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে শক্তিশালী (robust) সুৰক্ষা ব্যৱস্থা থকাটো গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ। সংসদীয় সাৰ্বভৌমত্ব আৰু ন্যায়িক পুনৰীক্ষণৰ মাজৰ আলোচনা চলি আছে। সাংবিধানিক গাঁথনিটো স্থিতিস্থাপক হৈ থাকিবলৈ, এয়া অত্যাৱশ্যকীয় (imperative) যে যিকোনো সংশোধন ক্ষণস্থায়ী ৰাজনৈতিক সুবিধাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সহমত আৰু সাংবিধানিক নৈতিকতাৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত হয়।
AMENDMENT
Meaning in English — A minor change or addition designed to improve a text, piece of legislation, etc.
Meaning in Hindi — संशोधन, सुधार।
Meaning in Assamese — সংশোধন, পৰিৱৰ্তন।
This Word is an English grammar: Noun
Forms — Amendment (Noun), Amend (Verb)
Synonyms — Alteration, modification, revision, change, correction.
Antonyms — Stagnation, preservation, fixation, stability, constancy.
Usage in a sentence — The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution is highly controversial.
SACROSANCT
Meaning in English — Regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with.
Meaning in Hindi — पवित्र, अनुलंघनीय, dokonce।
Meaning in Assamese — পৱিত্ৰ, অলংঘনীয়।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Sacrosanct (Adjective)
Synonyms — Sacred, inviolable, hallowed, respected, untouchable.
Antonyms — Profane, violable, blasphemous, disrespectful, common.
Usage in a sentence — The basic structure of the Constitution is considered sacrosanct by the judiciary.
PERENNIAL
Meaning in English — Lasting or existing for a long or apparently infinite time; enduring or continually recurring.
Meaning in Hindi — चिरस्थायी, बारहमासी, सनातन।
Meaning in Assamese — চিৰস্থায়ী, বহুবৰ্ষজীৱী, বাৰমাহীয়া।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Perennial (Adjective), Perennially (Adverb)
Synonyms — Everlasting, enduring, perpetual, persistent, constant.
Antonyms — Temporary, fleeting, transient, ephemeral, short-lived.
Usage in a sentence — The debate over constitutional supremacy is a perennial one.
EGREGIOUS
Meaning in English — Outstandingly bad; shocking.
Meaning in Hindi — घोर, प्रबल, भयंकर।
Meaning in Assamese — ভয়ংকৰ, অতি বেয়া, জঘন্য।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Egregious (Adjective), Egregiously (Adverb)
Synonyms — Shocking, appalling, horrific, flagrant, atrocious.
Antonyms — Marvelous, wonderful, admirable, minor, slight.
Usage in a sentence — The misuse of power was an egregious violation of constitutional norms.
OSTENSIBLY
Meaning in English — Apparently or purportedly, but perhaps not actually.
Meaning in Hindi — प्रकट रूप से, जाहिरा तौर पर।
Meaning in Assamese — আপাত দৃষ্টিত, দেখাত।
This Word is an English grammar: Adverb
Forms — Ostensible (Adjective), Ostensibly (Adverb)
Synonyms — Seemingly, apparently, supposedly, outwardly, professedly.
Antonyms — Genuinely, truly, really, actually, authentically.
Usage in a sentence — The law was ostensibly for public welfare, but had hidden motives.
SUBVERT
Meaning in English — To undermine the power and authority of (an established system or institution).
Meaning in Hindi — नष्ट करना, उलटना, बिगाड़ना।
Meaning in Assamese — ওফৰাই পেলোৱা, ধ্বংস কৰা।
This Word is an English grammar: Verb
Forms — Subvert (Verb), Subverted (Verb), Subversion (Noun)
Synonyms — Destabilize, sabotage, undermine, overthrow, disrupt.
Antonyms — Uphold, support, strengthen, defend, promote.
Usage in a sentence — There was an attempt to subvert the democratic process.
UNFETTERED
Meaning in English — Not confined or restricted.
Meaning in Hindi — अप्रतिबंधित, निरंकुश, मुक्त।
Meaning in Assamese — অবাধ, সীমাবদ্ধ নোহোৱা, মুক্ত।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Unfettered (Adjective), Fetter (Verb)
Synonyms — Unrestrained, unrestricted, unconstrained, free, unbridled.
Antonyms — Restricted, fettered, constrained, limited, restrained.
Usage in a sentence — The amendment gave unfettered power to the executive.
BULWARK
Meaning in English — A defensive wall; a person, institution, or principle that acts as a defense.
Meaning in Hindi — सुरक्षा कवच, रक्षा-प्राचीर, गढ़।
Meaning in Assamese — প্ৰতিৰক্ষা, দুৰ্গ, ৰক্ষাকৱচ।
This Word is an English grammar: Noun
Forms — Bulwark (Singular), Bulwarks (Plural)
Synonyms — Defense, protection, safeguard, bastion, fortress.
Antonyms — Weakness, vulnerability, liability, opening, threat.
Usage in a sentence — The judiciary acts as a bulwark against unconstitutional laws.
AMBIGUOUS
Meaning in English — Open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning.
Meaning in Hindi — अस्पष्ट, अनेकार्थी, संदिग्ध।
Meaning in Assamese — অস্পষ্ট, দ্ব্যৰ্থক।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Ambiguous (Adjective), Ambiguity (Noun)
Synonyms — Equivocal, vague, unclear, uncertain, debatable.
Antonyms — Clear, unambiguous, certain, definite, explicit.
Usage in a sentence — The concept of "basic structure" remains somewhat ambiguous.
PROPONENTS
Meaning in English — A person who advocates a theory, proposal, or course of action.
Meaning in Hindi — समर्थक, प्रस्तावक।
Meaning in Assamese — সমৰ্থক, প্ৰস্তাৱক।
This Word is an English grammar: Noun
Forms — Proponent (Singular), Proponents (Plural)
Synonyms — Advocate, supporter, champion, promoter, exponent.
Antonyms — Opponent, critic, adversary, detractor, antagonist.
Usage in a sentence — Proponents of the doctrine see it as a constitutional safeguard.
DETRACTORS
Meaning in English — A person who disparages someone or something.
Meaning in Hindi — निंदक, आलोचक, विरोधी।
Meaning in Assamese — সমালোচক, নিন্দক, বিৰোধী।
This Word is an English grammar: Noun
Forms — Detractor (Singular), Detractors (Plural)
Synonyms — Critic, disparager, criticizer, opponent, attacker.
Antonyms — Proponent, supporter, advocate, admirer, champion.
Usage in a sentence — The policy has many detractors who question its fairness.
CIRCUMVENT
Meaning in English — To find a way around (an obstacle); overcome (a problem or difficulty), typically in a clever and surreptitious way.
Meaning in Hindi — दरकिनार करना, टालना, बचना।
Meaning in Assamese — এৰাই চলা, পৰিহাৰ কৰা।
This Word is an English grammar: Verb
Forms — Circumvent (Verb), Circumvented (Verb), Circumvention (Noun)
Synonyms — Evade, bypass, sidestep, avoid, dodge.
Antonyms — Confront, face, meet, obey, follow.
Usage in a sentence — Critics claim the doctrine allows the judiciary to circumvent parliamentary authority.
JUDICIOUS
Meaning in English — Having, showing, or done with good judgment or sense.
Meaning in Hindi — विवेकपूर्ण, बुद्धिमानीपूर्ण, उचित।
Meaning in Assamese — বিবেচনাপূৰ্ণ, বিবেকপূর্ণ, জ্ঞানী।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Judicious (Adjective), Judiciously (Adverb)
Synonyms — Wise, sensible, prudent, shrewd, astute.
Antonyms — Injudicious, foolish, imprudent, unwise, rash.
Usage in a sentence — A judicious balance between flexibility and rigidity is key to a good constitution.
IMPERATIVE
Meaning in English — Of vital importance; crucial.
Meaning in Hindi — अनिवार्य, अत्यावश्यक।
Meaning in Assamese — অত্যাৱশ্যকীয়, জৰুৰী।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective / Noun
Forms — Imperative (Adjective/Noun)
Synonyms — Crucial, vital, essential, critical, necessary.
Antonyms — Unimportant, optional, nonessential, trivial, secondary.
Usage in a sentence — It is imperative to maintain the balance of power.
ROBUST
Meaning in English — Strong and healthy; vigorous; (of a system) able to withstand challenges.
Meaning in Hindi — मजबूत, हृष्ट-पुष्ट।
Meaning in Assamese — শক্তিশালী, মজবুত।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Robust (Adjective), Robustly (Adverb)
Synonyms — Strong, sturdy, resilient, tough, durable.
Antonyms — Weak, fragile, frail, delicate, flimsy.
Usage in a sentence — The constitution provides a robust framework for governance.
CONTENTIOUS
Meaning in English — Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Meaning in Hindi — विवादास्पद, झगड़ालू।
Meaning in Assamese — বিতৰ্কমূলক, বিবাদপূৰ্ণ।
This Word is an English grammar: Adjective
Forms — Contentious (Adjective), Contentiously (Adverb)
Synonyms — Controversial, disputable, debatable, disputed, arguable.
Antonyms — Uncontroversial, agreeable, peaceful, harmonious, certain.
Usage in a sentence — The Basic Structure Doctrine remains a contentious topic.
AMELIORATE
Meaning in English — To make (something bad or unsatisfactory) better.
Meaning in Hindi — सुधारना, बेहतर बनाना।
Meaning in Assamese — উন্নত কৰা, ভাল কৰা।
This Word is an English grammar: Verb
Forms — Ameliorate (Verb), Ameliorated (Verb), Amelioration (Noun)
Synonyms — Improve, enhance, better, upgrade, alleviate.
Antonyms — Worsen, aggravate, exacerbate, harm, intensify.
Usage in a sentence — It is essential to ameliorate the conditions that lead to political instability.
StudyBix.com-Q1: What is the main idea of the article?
- AThe Indian Constitution should never be amended.
- BThe power to amend the Constitution is necessary but requires robust safeguards like the Basic Structure Doctrine to prevent misuse.
- CThe Basic Structure Doctrine is an undemocratic principle that should be abolished.
- DThe 42nd Amendment was the most progressive reform in Indian history.
- EParliamentary sovereignty is absolute and cannot be challenged by the judiciary.
StudyBix.com-Q1: लेख का मुख्य विचार क्या है?
- AThe Indian Constitution should never be amended.
- BThe power to amend the Constitution is necessary but requires robust safeguards like the Basic Structure Doctrine to prevent misuse.
- CThe Basic Structure Doctrine is an undemocratic principle that should be abolished.
- DThe 42nd Amendment was the most progressive reform in Indian history.
- EParliamentary sovereignty is absolute and cannot be challenged by the judiciary.
StudyBix.com-Q1: লেখাটোৰ মূল ভাব কি?
- AThe Indian Constitution should never be amended.
- BThe power to amend the Constitution is necessary but requires robust safeguards like the Basic Structure Doctrine to prevent misuse.
- CThe Basic Structure Doctrine is an undemocratic principle that should be abolished.
- DThe 42nd Amendment was the most progressive reform in Indian history.
- EParliamentary sovereignty is absolute and cannot be challenged by the judiciary.
Explanation:The article discusses the necessity of amendments, the history of their misuse, the judicial safeguard of the Basic Structure Doctrine, and the need for a judicious balance. Option B best summarizes this entire argument.
स्पष्टीकरण:लेख में संशोधनों की आवश्यकता, उनके दुरुपयोग के इतिहास, मूल संरचना सिद्धांत के न्यायिक सुरक्षा उपाय और एक विवेकपूर्ण संतुलन की आवश्यकता पर चर्चा की गई है। विकल्प B इस पूरे तर्क का सबसे अच्छा सारांश प्रस्तुत करता है।
ব্যাখ্যা:লেখাটোত সংশোধনৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা, ইয়াৰ অপব্যৱহাৰৰ ইতিহাস, মৌলিক গাঁথনিৰ সিদ্ধান্তৰ ন্যায়িক সুৰক্ষা, আৰু এক বিবেচনাপূৰ্ণ ভাৰসাম্যৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তাৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছে। বিকল্প B-য়ে এই সম্পূৰ্ণ তৰ্কটোৰ সৰ্বোত্তম সাৰাংশ দাঙি ধৰিছে।
StudyBix.com-Q2: Which word is the best synonym for SACROSANCT?
- AProfane
- BCommon
- CInviolable
- DChangeable
- EFlexible
StudyBix.com-Q2: SACROSANCT शब्द का सबसे अच्छा पर्यायवाची शब्द कौन सा है?
- AProfane
- BCommon
- CInviolable
- DChangeable
- EFlexible
StudyBix.com-Q2: SACROSANCT শব্দটোৰ বাবে কোনটো শব্দ সৰ্বোত্তম সমাৰ্থক?
- AProfane
- BCommon
- CInviolable
- DChangeable
- EFlexible
Explanation:'Sacrosanct' means something is regarded as too important to be changed or interfered with. 'Inviolable' means never to be broken, infringed, or dishonored, which is a very close synonym.
स्पष्टीकरण:'Sacrosanct' का अर्थ है कि कोई चीज़ इतनी महत्वपूर्ण है कि उसे बदला या उसमें हस्तक्षेप नहीं किया जा सकता है। 'Inviolable' का अर्थ है कभी भी तोड़ा, उल्लंघन या अपमानित नहीं किया जाना, जो एक बहुत करीबी पर्यायवाची है।
ব্যাখ্যা:'Sacrosanct' মানে কিবা এটা ইমানেই গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ যে তাক সলনি বা হস্তক্ষেপ কৰিব নোৱাৰি। 'Inviolable' মানে কেতিয়াও ভংগ, উলংঘা বা অপমান নকৰা, যিটো এক অতি ওচৰৰ সমাৰ্থক।
StudyBix.com-Q3: Choose the word that is an antonym for EGREGIOUS.
- AAppalling
- BShocking
- CAtrocious
- DAdmirable
- EFlagrant
StudyBix.com-Q3: EGREGIOUS के विलोम शब्द का चयन करें।
- AAppalling
- BShocking
- CAtrocious
- DAdmirable
- EFlagrant
StudyBix.com-Q3: EGREGIOUS শব্দটোৰ বিপৰীত শব্দ বাছক।
- AAppalling
- BShocking
- CAtrocious
- DAdmirable
- EFlagrant
Explanation:'Egregious' means outstandingly bad or shocking. 'Admirable' means deserving respect and approval, which is the opposite.
स्पष्टीकरण:'Egregious' का अर्थ है असाधारण रूप से बुरा या चौंकाने वाला। 'Admirable' का अर्थ है सम्मान और अनुमोदन के योग्य, जो विपरीत है।
ব্যাখ্যা:'Egregious' মানে অতি বেয়া বা আচৰিত। 'Admirable' মানে সন্মান আৰু অনুমোদনৰ যোগ্য, যিটো বিপৰীত।
StudyBix.com-Q4: What is the "Basic Structure Doctrine" as described in the article?
- AA constitutional amendment that gives Parliament unlimited power.
- BA political theory that advocates for fewer amendments.
- CA judicial principle holding that Parliament cannot alter the Constitution's fundamental features.
- DThe original text of the Constitution as written in 1950.
- EA report by the Sarkaria Commission on constitutional reforms.
StudyBix.com-Q4: लेख में वर्णित "मूल संरचना सिद्धांत" क्या है?
- AA constitutional amendment that gives Parliament unlimited power.
- BA political theory that advocates for fewer amendments.
- CA judicial principle holding that Parliament cannot alter the Constitution's fundamental features.
- DThe original text of the Constitution as written in 1950.
- EA report by the Sarkaria Commission on constitutional reforms.
StudyBix.com-Q4: লেখাটোত বৰ্ণনা কৰা "মৌলিক গাঁথনিৰ সিদ্ধান্ত" কি?
- AA constitutional amendment that gives Parliament unlimited power.
- BA political theory that advocates for fewer amendments.
- CA judicial principle holding that Parliament cannot alter the Constitution's fundamental features.
- DThe original text of the Constitution as written in 1950.
- EA report by the Sarkaria Commission on constitutional reforms.
Explanation:The third paragraph defines the doctrine as a "judicial principle... that holds that while Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its 'basic structure'."
स्पष्टीकरण:तीसरे पैराग्राफ में इस सिद्धांत को एक "न्यायिक सिद्धांत... के रूप में परिभाषित किया गया है, जो यह मानता है कि जबकि संसद को संविधान में संशोधन करने की शक्ति है, वह इसकी 'मूल संरचना' को नहीं बदल सकती है।"
ব্যাখ্যা:তৃতীয় অনুচ্ছেদত এই সিদ্ধান্তক এক "ন্যায়িক সিদ্ধান্ত... হিচাপে সংজ্ঞায়িত কৰা হৈছে, যিয়ে কয় যে সংসদৰ সংবিধান সংশোধনৰ ক্ষমতা থাকিলেও, ই ইয়াৰ 'মৌলিক গাঁথনি' সলনি কৰিব নোৱাৰে।"
StudyBix.com-Q5: Fill in the blank: The new regulations were designed to __________ the authority of the central agency.
- Aameliorate
- Bsubvert
- Camend
- Dcircumvent
- Ebulwark
StudyBix.com-Q5: रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति करें: नए नियमों को केंद्रीय एजेंसी के अधिकार को __________ के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया था।
- Aameliorate
- Bsubvert
- Camend
- Dcircumvent
- Ebulwark
StudyBix.com-Q5: খালী ঠাই পূৰণ কৰক: নতুন নিয়মসমূহ কেন্দ্ৰীয় সংস্থাৰ কৰ্তৃত্বক __________ কৰিবলৈ ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছিল।
- Aameliorate
- Bsubvert
- Camend
- Dcircumvent
- Ebulwark
Explanation:'To circumvent' means to find a way around an obstacle or rule. It fits the context of designing regulations to get around the authority of an agency.
स्पष्टीकरण:'To circumvent' का अर्थ है किसी बाधा या नियम से बचने का कोई तरीका खोजना। यह किसी एजेंसी के अधिकार से बचने के लिए नियमों को डिजाइन करने के संदर्भ में फिट बैठता है।
ব্যাখ্যা:'Circumvent' মানে কোনো বাধা বা নিয়মৰ পৰা হাত সাৰিবলৈ উপায় উলিওৱা। ই কোনো সংস্থাৰ কৰ্তৃত্বৰ পৰা হাত সাৰিবলৈ নিয়ম ডিজাইন কৰাৰ প্ৰসংগত খাপ খায়।
StudyBix.com-Q6: The word BULWARK is closest in meaning to:
- AA weakness
- BA safeguard
- CA threat
- DA challenge
- EA controversy
StudyBix.com-Q6: BULWARK शब्द का अर्थ किसके सबसे करीब है:
- AA weakness
- BA safeguard
- CA threat
- DA challenge
- EA controversy
StudyBix.com-Q6: BULWARK শব্দটোৰ অৰ্থ কাৰ সৈতে আটাইতকৈ ওচৰ:
- AA weakness
- BA safeguard
- CA threat
- DA challenge
- EA controversy
Explanation:A 'bulwark' is a defensive wall or a principle that acts as a defense. A 'safeguard' is a measure taken to protect someone or something, which is a very close synonym.
स्पष्टीकरण:'bulwark' एक रक्षात्मक दीवार या एक सिद्धांत है जो एक रक्षा के रूप में कार्य करता है। 'safeguard' किसी को या किसी चीज़ की रक्षा के लिए किया गया एक उपाय है, जो एक बहुत करीबी पर्यायवाची है।
ব্যাখ্যা:'Bulwark' হৈছে এক প্ৰতিৰক্ষামূলক দেৱাল বা এক সিদ্ধান্ত যিয়ে প্ৰতিৰক্ষা হিচাপে কাম কৰে। 'Safeguard' হৈছে কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুক সুৰক্ষা দিবলৈ লোৱা এক ব্যৱস্থা, যিটো এক অতি ওচৰৰ সমাৰ্থক।
StudyBix.com-Q7: The opposite of PROPONENTS is:
- AAdvocates
- BSupporters
- CDetractors
- DChampions
- EAdmirers
StudyBix.com-Q7: PROPONENTS का विलोम है:
- AAdvocates
- BSupporters
- CDetractors
- DChampions
- EAdmirers
StudyBix.com-Q7: PROPONENTSৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AAdvocates
- BSupporters
- CDetractors
- DChampions
- EAdmirers
Explanation:Proponents are people who support something. Detractors are people who criticize it, making them direct opposites.
स्पष्टीकरण:समर्थक वे लोग होते हैं जो किसी चीज़ का समर्थन करते हैं। निंदक वे लोग होते हैं जो इसकी आलोचना करते हैं, जो उन्हें सीधा विपरीत बनाता है।
ব্যাখ্যা:সমৰ্থক হ'ল এনে লোক যিসকলে কিবা এটাৰ সমৰ্থন কৰে। সমালোচক হ'ল এনে লোক যিসকলে ইয়াৰ সমালোচনা কৰে, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁলোক পোনপটীয়া বিপৰীত হয়।
StudyBix.com-Q8: Find the part of the sentence that has a grammatical error. If there is no error, choose E.
"The debate, often contentious and acrimonious, (A)/ revolve around the perennial question (B)/ of how to balance judicial activism (C)/ with parliamentary sovereignty (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe debate, often contentious and acrimonious,
- Brevolve around the perennial question
- Cof how to balance judicial activism
- Dwith parliamentary sovereignty
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q8: वाक्य के उस हिस्से का पता लगाएं जिसमें व्याकरण की त्रुटि है। यदि कोई त्रुटि नहीं है, तो E चुनें।
"The debate, often contentious and acrimonious, (A)/ revolve around the perennial question (B)/ of how to balance judicial activism (C)/ with parliamentary sovereignty (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe debate, often contentious and acrimonious,
- Brevolve around the perennial question
- Cof how to balance judicial activism
- Dwith parliamentary sovereignty
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q8: বাক্যটোৰ যি অংশত ব্যাকৰণগত ভুল আছে, সেইটো বিচাৰি উলিয়াওক। যদি কোনো ভুল নাই, E বাছক।
"The debate, often contentious and acrimonious, (A)/ revolve around the perennial question (B)/ of how to balance judicial activism (C)/ with parliamentary sovereignty (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe debate, often contentious and acrimonious,
- Brevolve around the perennial question
- Cof how to balance judicial activism
- Dwith parliamentary sovereignty
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject of the sentence is "The debate," which is singular. Therefore, the verb should be singular "revolves," not "revolve."
स्पष्टीकरण:वाक्य का विषय "The debate" है, जो एकवचन है। इसलिए, क्रिया एकवचन "revolves" होनी चाहिए, न कि "revolve"।
ব্যাখ্যা:বাক্যটোৰ কৰ্তা "The debate", যিটো একবচন। সেয়েহে, ক্ৰিয়াটো "revolves" হ'ব লাগে, "revolve" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q9: An antonym for AMBIGUOUS is:
- AVague
- BUnclear
- CExplicit
- DEquivocal
- EUncertain
StudyBix.com-Q9: AMBIGUOUS का विलोम है:
- AVague
- BUnclear
- CExplicit
- DEquivocal
- EUncertain
StudyBix.com-Q9: AMBIGUOUSৰ বিপৰীত শব্দ হ'ল:
- AVague
- BUnclear
- CExplicit
- DEquivocal
- EUncertain
Explanation:Something ambiguous is unclear or open to multiple interpretations. Something explicit is stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion.
स्पष्टीकरण:कुछ अस्पष्ट अस्पष्ट या कई व्याख्याओं के लिए खुला है। कुछ स्पष्ट स्पष्ट रूप से और विस्तार से कहा गया है, जिससे भ्रम की कोई गुंजाइश नहीं रहती है।
ব্যাখ্যা:কিবা অস্পষ্ট মানে অস্পষ্ট বা একাধিক ব্যাখ্যাৰ বাবে মুকলি। কিবা স্পষ্ট মানে স্পষ্ট আৰু বিতংভাৱে কোৱা, য'ত কোনো বিভ্ৰান্তিৰ স্থান নাথাকে।
StudyBix.com-Q10: The word UNFETTERED means:
- ALimited
- BUnrestrained
- CControlled
- DConstrained
- ERestricted
StudyBix.com-Q10: UNFETTERED शब्द का अर्थ है:
- ALimited
- BUnrestrained
- CControlled
- DConstrained
- ERestricted
StudyBix.com-Q10: UNFETTERED শব্দটোৰ অৰ্থ হ'ল:
- ALimited
- BUnrestrained
- CControlled
- DConstrained
- ERestricted
Explanation:'Unfettered' means not confined or restricted. 'Unrestrained' is a direct synonym.
स्पष्टीकरण:'Unfettered' का अर्थ है सीमित या प्रतिबंधित नहीं। 'Unrestrained' एक सीधा पर्यायवाची है।
ব্যাখ্যা:'Unfettered' মানে সীমাবদ্ধ বা সীমিত নোহোৱা। 'Unrestrained' এক পোনপটীয়া সমাৰ্থক।
StudyBix.com-Q11: The opposite of SUBVERT is:
- AUndermine
- BStrengthen
- CDisrupt
- DOverthrow
- ESabotage
StudyBix.com-Q11: SUBVERT का विलोम है:
- AUndermine
- BStrengthen
- CDisrupt
- DOverthrow
- ESabotage
StudyBix.com-Q11: SUBVERTৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AUndermine
- BStrengthen
- CDisrupt
- DOverthrow
- ESabotage
Explanation:To subvert is to undermine or weaken. To strengthen is to make stronger.
स्पष्टीकरण:नष्ट करना कमजोर करना या कमजोर करना है। मजबूत करना मजबूत बनाना है।
ব্যাখ্যা:নষ্ট কৰা মানে দুৰ্বল কৰা। শক্তিশালী কৰা মানে শক্তিশালী কৰা।
StudyBix.com-Q12: The synonym for JUDICIOUS is:
- AImprudent
- BSensible
- CFoolish
- DRash
- EUnwise
StudyBix.com-Q12: JUDICIOUS का पर्यायवाची है:
- AImprudent
- BSensible
- CFoolish
- DRash
- EUnwise
StudyBix.com-Q12: JUDICIOUSৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AImprudent
- BSensible
- CFoolish
- DRash
- EUnwise
Explanation:'Judicious' means having or showing good sense. 'Sensible' is a direct synonym.
स्पष्टीकरण:'Judicious' का अर्थ है अच्छी समझ होना या दिखाना। 'Sensible' एक सीधा पर्यायवाची है।
ব্যাখ্যা:'Judicious' মানে ভাল বিবেচনা থকা বা দেখুওৱা। 'Sensible' এক পোনপটীয়া সমাৰ্থক।
StudyBix.com-Q13: Find the error: "The ostensible reason for the new amendment (A)/ were to ameliorate economic inequality, (B)/ but its detractors claim it will (C)/ subvert the rights of the states (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe ostensible reason for the new amendment
- Bwere to ameliorate economic inequality,
- Cbut its detractors claim it will
- Dsubvert the rights of the states
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q13: त्रुटि खोजें: "The ostensible reason for the new amendment (A)/ were to ameliorate economic inequality, (B)/ but its detractors claim it will (C)/ subvert the rights of the states (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe ostensible reason for the new amendment
- Bwere to ameliorate economic inequality,
- Cbut its detractors claim it will
- Dsubvert the rights of the states
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q13: ভুল বিচাৰক: "The ostensible reason for the new amendment (A)/ were to ameliorate economic inequality, (B)/ but its detractors claim it will (C)/ subvert the rights of the states (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe ostensible reason for the new amendment
- Bwere to ameliorate economic inequality,
- Cbut its detractors claim it will
- Dsubvert the rights of the states
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject is "reason" (singular). The verb should be "was," not "were."
स्पष्टीकरण:विषय "reason" (एकवचन) है। क्रिया "was" होनी चाहिए, न कि "were"।
ব্যাখ্যা:কৰ্তা "reason" (একবচন)। ক্ৰিয়াটো "was" হ'ব লাগে, "were" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q14: The opposite of AMELIORATE is:
- AImprove
- BWorsen
- CEnhance
- DUpgrade
- EAlleviate
StudyBix.com-Q14: AMELIORATE का विलोम है:
- AImprove
- BWorsen
- CEnhance
- DUpgrade
- EAlleviate
StudyBix.com-Q14: AMELIORATEৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AImprove
- BWorsen
- CEnhance
- DUpgrade
- EAlleviate
Explanation:To ameliorate is to make a bad situation better. To worsen is the direct opposite.
स्पष्टीकरण:सुधारना एक बुरी स्थिति को बेहतर बनाना है। बदतर करना इसका सीधा विपरीत है।
ব্যাখ্যা:উন্নত কৰা মানে এটা বেয়া পৰিস্থিতি ভাল কৰা। বেয়া কৰা ইয়াৰ পোনপটীয়া বিপৰীত।
StudyBix.com-Q15: The synonym for IMPERATIVE is:
- AOptional
- BTrivial
- CEssential
- DUnimportant
- ESecondary
StudyBix.com-Q15: IMPERATIVE का पर्यायवाची है:
- AOptional
- BTrivial
- CEssential
- DUnimportant
- ESecondary
StudyBix.com-Q15: IMPERATIVEৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AOptional
- BTrivial
- CEssential
- DUnimportant
- ESecondary
Explanation:Something that is imperative is of vital importance. 'Essential' is a direct synonym.
स्पष्टीकरण:जो अनिवार्य है वह अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है। 'Essential' एक सीधा पर्यायवाची है।
ব্যাখ্যা:যিটো অত্যাৱশ্যকীয় সেয়া অতিশয় গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ। 'Essential' এক পোনপটীয়া সমাৰ্থক।
StudyBix.com-Q16: Find the error: "A robust and judicious constitutional framework (A)/ are necessary to circumvent (B)/ the egregious misuse of power (C)/ by any branch of the government (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA robust and judicious constitutional framework
- Bare necessary to circumvent
- Cthe egregious misuse of power
- Dby any branch of the government
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q16: त्रुटि खोजें: "A robust and judicious constitutional framework (A)/ are necessary to circumvent (B)/ the egregious misuse of power (C)/ by any branch of the government (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA robust and judicious constitutional framework
- Bare necessary to circumvent
- Cthe egregious misuse of power
- Dby any branch of the government
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q16: ভুল বিচাৰক: "A robust and judicious constitutional framework (A)/ are necessary to circumvent (B)/ the egregious misuse of power (C)/ by any branch of the government (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA robust and judicious constitutional framework
- Bare necessary to circumvent
- Cthe egregious misuse of power
- Dby any branch of the government
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject is "A... framework," which is singular. The verb should be "is necessary," not "are necessary."
स्पष्टीकरण:विषय "A... framework" है, जो एकवचन है। क्रिया "is necessary" होनी चाहिए, न कि "are necessary"।
ব্যাখ্যা:কৰ্তা "A... framework", যিটো একবচন। ক্ৰিয়াটো "is necessary" হ'ব লাগে, "are necessary" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q17: The opposite of ROBUST is:
- AStrong
- BFlimsy
- CSturdy
- DDurable
- EResilient
StudyBix.com-Q17: ROBUST का विलोम है:
- AStrong
- BFlimsy
- CSturdy
- DDurable
- EResilient
StudyBix.com-Q17: ROBUSTৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AStrong
- BFlimsy
- CSturdy
- DDurable
- EResilient
Explanation:A robust system is strong and durable. A flimsy system is insubstantial and easily damaged.
स्पष्टीकरण:एक मजबूत प्रणाली मजबूत और टिकाऊ होती है। एक कमजोर प्रणाली सारहीन और आसानी से क्षतिग्रस्त हो जाती है।
ব্যাখ্যা:এটা শক্তিশালী ব্যৱস্থা শক্তিশালী আৰু স্থায়ী হয়। এটা flimsy ব্যৱস্থা অসাৰ আৰু সহজে ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত হয়।
StudyBix.com-Q18: A synonym for CIRCUMVENT is:
- AConfront
- BFace
- CEvade
- DObey
- EFollow
StudyBix.com-Q18: CIRCUMVENT का पर्यायवाची है:
- AConfront
- BFace
- CEvade
- DObey
- EFollow
StudyBix.com-Q18: CIRCUMVENTৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AConfront
- BFace
- CEvade
- DObey
- EFollow
Explanation:To circumvent a rule or obstacle is to find a way around it. To evade also means to escape or avoid something, especially by cleverness.
स्पष्टीकरण:किसी नियम या बाधा को दरकिनार करना उससे बचने का एक तरीका खोजना है। टालना का अर्थ भी है किसी चीज़ से बचना या उससे बचना, खासकर चतुराई से।
ব্যাখ্যা:কোনো নিয়ম বা বাধা এৰাই চলা মানে তাৰ পৰা হাত সাৰিবলৈ উপায় উলিওৱা। evade মানেও কিবা এটাৰ পৰা হাত সৰা বা এৰাই চলা, বিশেষকৈ চতুৰতাৰে।
StudyBix.com-Q19: The opposite of PERENNIAL is:
- AEverlasting
- BConstant
- CPersistent
- DEphemeral
- EEnduring
StudyBix.com-Q19: PERENNIAL का विलोम है:
- AEverlasting
- BConstant
- CPersistent
- DEphemeral
- EEnduring
StudyBix.com-Q19: PERENNIALৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AEverlasting
- BConstant
- CPersistent
- DEphemeral
- EEnduring
Explanation:'Perennial' means long-lasting. 'Ephemeral' means lasting for a very short time.
स्पष्टीकरण:'Perennial' का अर्थ है लंबे समय तक चलने वाला। 'Ephemeral' का अर्थ है बहुत कम समय तक टिकने वाला।
ব্যাখ্যা:'Perennial' মানে দীৰ্ঘস্থায়ী। 'Ephemeral' মানে অতি কম সময়ৰ বাবে থকা।
StudyBix.com-Q20: Find the error: "The country's robust constitution act as a bulwark (A)/ against egregious attempts (B)/ to subvert democracy, but perennial vigilance (C)/ is imperative to protect its sacrosanct principles (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe country's robust constitution act as a bulwark
- Bagainst egregious attempts
- Cto subvert democracy, but perennial vigilance
- Dis imperative to protect its sacrosanct principles
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q20: त्रुटि खोजें: "The country's robust constitution act as a bulwark (A)/ against egregious attempts (B)/ to subvert democracy, but perennial vigilance (C)/ is imperative to protect its sacrosanct principles (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe country's robust constitution act as a bulwark
- Bagainst egregious attempts
- Cto subvert democracy, but perennial vigilance
- Dis imperative to protect its sacrosanct principles
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q20: ভুল বিচাৰক: "The country's robust constitution act as a bulwark (A)/ against egregious attempts (B)/ to subvert democracy, but perennial vigilance (C)/ is imperative to protect its sacrosanct principles (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe country's robust constitution act as a bulwark
- Bagainst egregious attempts
- Cto subvert democracy, but perennial vigilance
- Dis imperative to protect its sacrosanct principles
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject is "constitution" (singular). The verb should be "acts," not "act."
स्पष्टीकरण:विषय "constitution" (एकवचन) है। क्रिया "acts" होनी चाहिए, न कि "act"।
ব্যাখ্যা:কৰ্তা "constitution" (একবচন)। ক্ৰিয়াটো "acts" হ'ব লাগে, "act" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q21: The synonym for BULWARK is:
- AThreat
- BBastion
- CVulnerability
- DWeakness
- EOpening
StudyBix.com-Q21: BULWARK का पर्यायवाची है:
- AThreat
- BBastion
- CVulnerability
- DWeakness
- EOpening
StudyBix.com-Q21: BULWARKৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AThreat
- BBastion
- CVulnerability
- DWeakness
- EOpening
Explanation:A bulwark is a defensive wall or a strong defense. A bastion is a projecting part of a fortification or something that is seen as a stronghold of a particular principle.
स्पष्टीकरण:एक सुरक्षा कवच एक रक्षात्मक दीवार या एक मजबूत रक्षा है। एक गढ़ एक किलेबंदी का एक फैला हुआ हिस्सा या कुछ ऐसा है जिसे किसी विशेष सिद्धांत का गढ़ माना जाता है।
ব্যাখ্যা:এটা bulwark হ'ল এক প্ৰতিৰক্ষামূলক দেৱাল বা এক শক্তিশালী প্ৰতিৰক্ষা। এটা bastion হ'ল কোনো দুৰ্গৰ বাহিৰলৈ ওলাই থকা অংশ বা কিবা এটা যাক কোনো বিশেষ সিদ্ধান্তৰ দুৰ্গ হিচাপে দেখা যায়।
StudyBix.com-Q22: The opposite of AMENDMENT is:
- ARevision
- BPreservation
- CAlteration
- DModification
- EChange
StudyBix.com-Q22: AMENDMENT का विलोम है:
- ARevision
- BPreservation
- CAlteration
- DModification
- EChange
StudyBix.com-Q22: AMENDMENTৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- ARevision
- BPreservation
- CAlteration
- DModification
- EChange
Explanation:An amendment is a change or modification. Preservation is the act of keeping something as it is, unchanged.
स्पष्टीकरण:एक संशोधन एक परिवर्तन या संशोधन है। संरक्षण किसी चीज़ को वैसा ही बनाए रखने की क्रिया है, जैसा वह है, अपरिवर्तित।
ব্যাখ্যা:সংশোধন হৈছে এক পৰিৱৰ্তন বা সালসলনি। সংৰক্ষণ হৈছে কিবা এটাক যেনেকুৱা আছে তেনেকুৱাই ৰখাৰ কাৰ্য, অপৰিৱৰ্তিত।
StudyBix.com-Q23: Find the error: "The new legislation, with its ambiguous clauses, (A)/ has created a legal conundrum for lawyers, (B)/ whom must now navigate (C)/ a complex and unfettered legal landscape (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe new legislation, with its ambiguous clauses,
- Bhas created a legal conundrum for lawyers,
- Cwhom must now navigate
- Da complex and unfettered legal landscape
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q23: त्रुटि खोजें: "The new legislation, with its ambiguous clauses, (A)/ has created a legal conundrum for lawyers, (B)/ whom must now navigate (C)/ a complex and unfettered legal landscape (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe new legislation, with its ambiguous clauses,
- Bhas created a legal conundrum for lawyers,
- Cwhom must now navigate
- Da complex and unfettered legal landscape
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q23: ভুল বিচাৰক: "The new legislation, with its ambiguous clauses, (A)/ has created a legal conundrum for lawyers, (B)/ whom must now navigate (C)/ a complex and unfettered legal landscape (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe new legislation, with its ambiguous clauses,
- Bhas created a legal conundrum for lawyers,
- Cwhom must now navigate
- Da complex and unfettered legal landscape
- ENo Error
Explanation:"Whom" is an object pronoun. The sentence requires a subject pronoun to refer to "lawyers." The correct pronoun is "who."
स्पष्टीकरण:"Whom" एक कर्म सर्वनाम है। वाक्य में "lawyers" को संदर्भित करने के लिए एक कर्ता सर्वनाम की आवश्यकता है। सही सर्वनाम "who" है।
ব্যাখ্যা:"Whom" এটা কৰ্ম সৰ্বনাম। বাক্যটোত "lawyers"ক বুজাবলৈ এটা কৰ্তা সৰ্বনামৰ প্ৰয়োজন। শুদ্ধ সৰ্বনামটো হ'ল "who"।
StudyBix.com-Q24: The synonym for DETRACTORS is:
- AOpponents
- BAdmirers
- CSupporters
- DAdvocates
- EChampions
StudyBix.com-Q24: DETRACTORS का पर्यायवाची है:
- AOpponents
- BAdmirers
- CSupporters
- DAdvocates
- EChampions
StudyBix.com-Q24: DETRACTORSৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AOpponents
- BAdmirers
- CSupporters
- DAdvocates
- EChampions
Explanation:Detractors are people who criticize something. Opponents are those who are in opposition to something.
स्पष्टीकरण:निंदक वे लोग होते हैं जो किसी चीज़ की आलोचना करते हैं। विरोधी वे होते हैं जो किसी चीज़ के विरोध में होते हैं।
ব্যাখ্যা:সমালোচক হ'ল এনে লোক যিসকলে কিবা এটাৰ সমালোচনা কৰে। বিৰোধী হ'ল সেইসকল যিসকলে কিবা এটাৰ বিৰোধিতা কৰে।
StudyBix.com-Q25: The opposite of CIRCUMVENT is:
- AEvade
- BBypass
- CSidestep
- DDodge
- EConfront
StudyBix.com-Q25: CIRCUMVENT का विलोम है:
- AEvade
- BBypass
- CSidestep
- DDodge
- EConfront
StudyBix.com-Q25: CIRCUMVENTৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AEvade
- BBypass
- CSidestep
- DDodge
- EConfront
Explanation:To circumvent a problem is to avoid it. To confront a problem is to face it directly.
स्पष्टीकरण:किसी समस्या को दरकिनार करना उससे बचना है। किसी समस्या का सामना करना उसका सीधे सामना करना है।
ব্যাখ্যা:কোনো সমস্যা এৰাই চলা মানে তাৰ পৰা হাত সৰা। কোনো সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হোৱা মানে পোনপটীয়াকৈ তাৰ মুখামুখি হোৱা।
StudyBix.com-Q26: Find the error: "A judicious amendment to the constitution (A)/ are often necessary to ameliorate (B)/ the pernicious effects of outdated laws, (C)/ but it must not subvert the sacrosanct principles of democracy (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA judicious amendment to the constitution
- Bare often necessary to ameliorate
- Cthe pernicious effects of outdated laws,
- Dbut it must not subvert the sacrosanct principles of democracy
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q26: त्रुटि खोजें: "A judicious amendment to the constitution (A)/ are often necessary to ameliorate (B)/ the pernicious effects of outdated laws, (C)/ but it must not subvert the sacrosanct principles of democracy (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA judicious amendment to the constitution
- Bare often necessary to ameliorate
- Cthe pernicious effects of outdated laws,
- Dbut it must not subvert the sacrosanct principles of democracy
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q26: ভুল বিচাৰক: "A judicious amendment to the constitution (A)/ are often necessary to ameliorate (B)/ the pernicious effects of outdated laws, (C)/ but it must not subvert the sacrosanct principles of democracy (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AA judicious amendment to the constitution
- Bare often necessary to ameliorate
- Cthe pernicious effects of outdated laws,
- Dbut it must not subvert the sacrosanct principles of democracy
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject is "A judicious amendment" (singular). The verb should be "is often necessary," not "are often necessary."
स्पष्टीकरण:विषय "A judicious amendment" (एकवचन) है। क्रिया "is often necessary" होनी चाहिए, न कि "are often necessary"।
ব্যাখ্যা:কৰ্তা "A judicious amendment" (একবচন)। ক্ৰিয়াটো "is often necessary" হ'ব লাগে, "are often necessary" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q27: The synonym for ROBUST is:
- AFrail
- BSturdy
- CWeak
- DDelicate
- EFlimsy
StudyBix.com-Q27: ROBUST का पर्यायवाची है:
- AFrail
- BSturdy
- CWeak
- DDelicate
- EFlimsy
StudyBix.com-Q27: ROBUSTৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AFrail
- BSturdy
- CWeak
- DDelicate
- EFlimsy
Explanation:Something robust is strong and solidly built. 'Sturdy' is a direct synonym.
स्पष्टीकरण:कुछ मजबूत और ठोस रूप से निर्मित होता है। 'Sturdy' एक सीधा पर्यायवाची है।
ব্যাখ্যা:কিবা robust মানে শক্তিশালী আৰু মজবুতভাৱে নিৰ্মিত। 'Sturdy' এক পোনপটীয়া সমাৰ্থক।
StudyBix.com-Q28: The opposite of AMBIGUOUS is:
- AVague
- BUnclear
- CDebatable
- DDefinite
- EEquivocal
StudyBix.com-Q28: AMBIGUOUS का विलोम है:
- AVague
- BUnclear
- CDebatable
- DDefinite
- EEquivocal
StudyBix.com-Q28: AMBIGUOUSৰ বিপৰীত হ'ল:
- AVague
- BUnclear
- CDebatable
- DDefinite
- EEquivocal
Explanation:Something ambiguous is unclear and not definite. Something definite is clearly stated or decided.
स्पष्टीकरण:कुछ अस्पष्ट अस्पष्ट और निश्चित नहीं है। कुछ निश्चित स्पष्ट रूप से कहा या तय किया गया है।
ব্যাখ্যা:কিবা অস্পষ্ট মানে অস্পষ্ট আৰু নিশ্চিত নহয়। কিবা definite মানে স্পষ্টভাৱে কোৱা বা সিদ্ধান্ত লোৱা।
StudyBix.com-Q29: Find the error: "The country's federalism, a perennial topic of debate, (A)/ is a bulwark against unfettered central power, (B)/ but its detractors argues that (C)/ it slows down economic progress (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe country's federalism, a perennial topic of debate,
- Bis a bulwark against unfettered central power,
- Cbut its detractors argues that
- Dit slows down economic progress
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q29: त्रुटि खोजें: "The country's federalism, a perennial topic of debate, (A)/ is a bulwark against unfettered central power, (B)/ but its detractors argues that (C)/ it slows down economic progress (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe country's federalism, a perennial topic of debate,
- Bis a bulwark against unfettered central power,
- Cbut its detractors argues that
- Dit slows down economic progress
- ENo Error
StudyBix.com-Q29: ভুল বিচাৰক: "The country's federalism, a perennial topic of debate, (A)/ is a bulwark against unfettered central power, (B)/ but its detractors argues that (C)/ it slows down economic progress (D)/ No Error (E)."
- AThe country's federalism, a perennial topic of debate,
- Bis a bulwark against unfettered central power,
- Cbut its detractors argues that
- Dit slows down economic progress
- ENo Error
Explanation:The subject is "detractors" (plural). The verb should be "argue," not "argues."
स्पष्टीकरण:विषय "detractors" (बहुवचन) है। क्रिया "argue" होनी चाहिए, न कि "argues"।
ব্যাখ্যা:কৰ্তা "detractors" (বহুবচন)। ক্ৰিয়াটো "argue" হ'ব লাগে, "argues" নহয়।
StudyBix.com-Q30: The synonym for OSTENSIBLE is:
- AGenuine
- BReal
- CApparent
- DTrue
- EActual
StudyBix.com-Q30: OSTENSIBLE का पर्यायवाची है:
- AGenuine
- BReal
- CApparent
- DTrue
- EActual
StudyBix.com-Q30: OSTENSIBLEৰ সমাৰ্থক হ'ল:
- AGenuine
- BReal
- CApparent
- DTrue
- EActual
Explanation:An ostensible reason is one that appears to be true but might not be. An apparent reason also seems real or true, but is not necessarily so.
स्पष्टीकरण:एक प्रत्यक्ष कारण वह है जो सच प्रतीत होता है लेकिन हो सकता है कि ऐसा न हो। एक स्पष्ट कारण भी वास्तविक या सच लगता है, लेकिन जरूरी नहीं कि ऐसा हो।
ব্যাখ্যা:এটা আপাত কাৰণ হ'ল এনেকুৱা যিটো সঁচা যেন লাগে কিন্তু নহ'বও পাৰে। এটা apparent কাৰণো প্ৰকৃত বা সঁচা যেন লাগে, কিন্তু প্ৰকৃততে তেনে নহ'বও পাৰে।